12 “‘If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them shall surely be put to death. They have committed a perversion. Their blood shall be upon themselves.
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World English Bible Updated
Leviticus 20
World English Bible Updated, Verse 12
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Leviticus 20:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
67
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־כַּלָּת֔וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמְת֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃
12 word entries
וְאִ֗ישׁ
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
יִשְׁכַּב֙
כַּלָּת֔וֹ
מ֥וֹת
יוּמְת֖וּ
שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם
תֶּ֥בֶל
עָשׂ֖וּ
דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם
בָּֽם
- Lemma
- b
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 1362
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἐάν τις κοιμηθῇ μετὰ νύμφης αὐτοῦ, θανάτῳ θανατούσθωσαν ἀμφότεροι· ἠσεβήκασι γάρ, ἔνοχοί εἰσι.
14 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐάν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐάν
- Transliteration
- ean
- Morphology
- conditional particle
- Gloss
- if, whenever
- Part of Speech
- conditional particle
- Definition
- Conditional particle, often with subjunctive.
- Occurrences
- 1253
τις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τις
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative singular
- Gloss
- someone, anyone, who?
- Part of Speech
- indefinite/interrogative pronoun
- Definition
- Indefinite or interrogative pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 190
κοιμηθῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κοιμηθῇ
- Transliteration
- koimeth
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- was ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
μετὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μετά
- Transliteration
- meta
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- with, after
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
- Occurrences
- 2247
νύμφης
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νύμφης
- Transliteration
- nymphes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
θανάτῳ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θάνατος
- Transliteration
- thanatos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- death
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Death.
- Occurrences
- 301
θανατούσθωσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- θανατούσθωσαν
- Transliteration
- thanatoysthosan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
ἀμφότεροι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀμφότεροι
- Transliteration
- amphoteroi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 39
ἠσεβήκασι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἠσεβήκασι
- Transliteration
- esebekasi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
γάρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
ἔνοχοί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἔνοχοί
- Transliteration
- enochoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
εἰσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- eisi
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they are
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וּגְבַר דִי יִשְׁכּוּב יָת כַּלָתֵהּ אִתְקְטָלָא יִתְקַטְלוּן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן תִּבְלָא עֲבָדוּ קְטָלָא חַיָבִין
12 word entries
וּגְבַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבר
- Transliteration
- wgbr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 287
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1640
יִשְׁכּוּב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישכוב
- Transliteration
- yshkwb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 23
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 2463
כַּלָתֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לתה
- Transliteration
- klth
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
אִתְקְטָלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתקטלא
- Transliteration
- 'tqtl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 27
יִתְקַטְלוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתקטלון
- Transliteration
- ytqtlwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 6
תַּרְוֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרויהון
- Transliteration
- trwyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 34
תִּבְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבלא
- Transliteration
- tbl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
עֲבָדוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עבדו
- Transliteration
- 'bdw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 75
קְטָלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קטלא
- Transliteration
- qtl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 13
חַיָבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חיבין
- Transliteration
- chybyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܓܒܪܐ ܕܢܕܡܟ ܥܡ ܟܠܬܗ. ܡܬܩܛܠܘ ܢܬܩܛܠܘܢ ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ. ܡܛܠ ܕܚܛܝܬܐ ܥܒܕܘ ܕܡܗܘܢ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ.
12 word entries
ܘܓܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WGBR>
- Morphology
- W-GBR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܢܕܡܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DNDMK
- Morphology
- D-!N!DMK[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <M
- Morphology
- <M
- Occurrences
- 0
ܟܠܬܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- KLTH
- Morphology
- KL(>/T-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܬܩܛܠܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MTQVLW
- Morphology
- !M!@(>T@QVL[/W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܬܩܛܠܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NTQVLWN
- Morphology
- !N!@(>T@QVL[WN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TR"JHWN
- Morphology
- TR/J=-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MVL
- Morphology
- MVL
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܚܛܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DXVJT>
- Morphology
- D-XVJ==/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܒܕܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <BDW
- Morphology
- <BD[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܡܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DMHWN
- Morphology
- DM/-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܠܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <LJHWN
- Morphology
- <L&J-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Si quis dormierit cum nuru sua, uterque moriatur, quia scelus operati sunt: sanguis eorum sit super eos.
17 word entries
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
quis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
dormierit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dormio
- Transliteration
- dormierit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 231
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 5272
nuru
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nurus
- Transliteration
- nuru
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
sua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
uterque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uterque
- Transliteration
- uterque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 138
moriantur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- morior
- Transliteration
- moriantur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 600
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
scelus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scelus
- Transliteration
- scelus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
operati
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operatus
- Transliteration
- operati
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
sanguis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sanguis
- Transliteration
- sanguis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
sit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
eos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Leviticus 18:15
“‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife. You shall not uncover her nakedness.
5 relevance votesLeviticus 18:23
“‘You shall not lie with any animal to defile yourself with it. No woman may give herself to an animal, to lie down with it: it is a perversion.
3 relevance votesGenesis 38:18
He said, “What pledge will I give you?” She said, “Your signet and your cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” He gave them to her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him.
3 relevance votesDeuteronomy 27:23
‘Cursed is he who lies with his mother-in-law.’ All the people shall say, ‘Amen.’
2 relevance votesGenesis 38:16
He turned to her by the way, and said, “Please come, let me come in to you,” for he didn’t know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?”
2 relevance votes