8 Jerusalem has grievously sinned. Therefore she has become unclean. All who honored her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness. Yes, she sighs and turns backward.
World English Bible Updated
Lamentations 1
World English Bible Updated, Verse 8
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 1:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
112
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ ס
18 word entries
חֵ֤טְא
חָֽטְאָה֙
יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם
עַל
לְנִידָ֣ה
הָיָ֑תָה
כָּֽל
מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ
הִזִּיל֨וּהָ֙
כִּי
רָא֣וּ
עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ
נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה
וַתָּ֥שָׁב
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ΗΘ. Ἁμαρτίαν ἥμαρτεν Ἱερουσαλὴμ, διατοῦτο εἰς σάλον ἐγένετο· πάντες οἱ δοξάζοντες αὐτὴν, ἐταπείνωσαν αὐτήν· εἶδον γὰρ τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς, καί γε αὐτὴ στενάζουσα καὶ ἀπεστράφη ὀπίσω.
26 word entries
ΗΘ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ΗΘ
- Transliteration
- eth
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- ΗΘ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
Ἁμαρτίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἁμαρτία
- Transliteration
- hamartia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- sin
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
- Occurrences
- 450
ἥμαρτεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἥμαρτεν
- Transliteration
- emarten
- Morphology
- verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
Ἱερουσαλὴμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἱερουσαλήμ
- Transliteration
- Hierousalem
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Jerusalem
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Jerusalem.
- Occurrences
- 763
διατοῦτο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- διὰ τοῦτο
- Transliteration
- dia touto
- Morphology
- preposition + demonstrative phrase
- Gloss
- therefore, because of this
- Part of Speech
- adverbial phrase
- Definition
- Adverbial phrase meaning therefore or because of this.
- Occurrences
- 198
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
σάλον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σάλον
- Transliteration
- salon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ἐγένετο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γίνομαι
- Transliteration
- egeneto
- Morphology
- verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it became, happened
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
- Occurrences
- 1418
πάντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δοξάζοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δοξάζοντες
- Transliteration
- doxazontes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
αὐτὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ἐταπείνωσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐταπείνωσαν
- Transliteration
- etapeinosan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
αὐτήν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
εἶδον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁράω
- Transliteration
- eidon
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
- Gloss
- I/they saw
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To see, perceive, or look at.
- Occurrences
- 768
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἀσχημοσύνην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀσχημοσύνην
- Transliteration
- aschemosynen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 38
αὐτῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
καί
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
γε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γε
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- enclitic particle
- Gloss
- indeed, at least
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Emphatic enclitic particle.
- Occurrences
- 153
αὐτὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
στενάζουσα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- στενάζουσα
- Transliteration
- stenazoysa
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀπεστράφη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀπεστράφη
- Transliteration
- apestraphe
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
ὀπίσω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὀπίσω
- Transliteration
- opiso
- Morphology
- adverb/preposition
- Gloss
- behind, after
- Part of Speech
- adverb/preposition
- Definition
- Behind, after, or following.
- Occurrences
- 347
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܚܛܗܐ ܚܛ̣ܬ̇ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ̣. ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܗܘ̣ܬ̇ ܢܕܬܐ. ܟܠܗܘܢ ܡܝܩܪ̈ܢܝܗ̇ ܨܥܪܘܗ̣̇ ܡܛܠ ܕܚܙܘ ܦܘܪܣܝܗ̇. ܐܦ ܗܝ̣ ܐܬܬ̣ܢܚܬ̣ ܘܗܦܟܬ ܠܒܣܬܪܗ̇ ܰ
19 word entries
ܚܛܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܛܗܐ
- Transliteration
- hth'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 69
ܚܛ̣ܬ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܛܬ
- Transliteration
- htt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܘܪܫܠܡ̣
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
- Transliteration
- 'wrshlm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 168
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 876
ܗܘ̣ܬ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܬ
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 315
ܢܕܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܕܬܐ
- Transliteration
- ndt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܟܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- klhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 719
ܡܝܩܪ̈ܢܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܝܩܪܢܝܗ
- Transliteration
- myqrnyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܨܥܪܘܗ̣̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܥܪܘܗ
- Transliteration
- s'rwh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܚܙܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܙܘ
- Transliteration
- dhzw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܦܘܪܣܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܪܣܝܗ
- Transliteration
- pwrsyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 586
ܗܝ̣
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 578
ܐܬܬ̣ܢܚܬ̣
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܬܢܚܬ
- Transliteration
- 'ttnht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܗܦܟܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܦܟܬ
- Transliteration
- whpkt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 19
ܠܒܣܬܪܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܣܬܪܗ
- Transliteration
- lbstrh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 15
ܰ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 0
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
חוֹבָא רַבָּא חָבַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם בְּגִין כֵּן בְּטִלְטוּל הֲוַת כָּל עַמְמַיָּא דַהֲווּ מְיַקְרִין לָהּ מִלְקַדְמִין נָהֲגוּ בָּהּ זִילוּתָא אֲרוּם חֲזוֹ בִּדְקָהָא בְרַם הִיא מִתְאַנְחָא וּרְתִיעַת לַאֲחוֹרָא׃
25 word entries
חוֹבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חובא
- Transliteration
- chwb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 47
רַבָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רבא
- Transliteration
- rb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 305
חָבַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חבת
- Transliteration
- chbt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
יְרוּשְׁלֵם
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ירושלם
- Transliteration
- yrwshlm
- Morphology
- proper noun
- Gloss
- Jerusalem
- Occurrences
- 642
בְּגִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גין
- Transliteration
- bgyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 102
כֵּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כן
- Transliteration
- kn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 422
בְּטִלְטוּל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טלטול
- Transliteration
- btltwl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
הֲוַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הות
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 264
כָּל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- כל
- Transliteration
- kl
- Morphology
- collective noun/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 2135
עַמְמַיָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עממיא
- Transliteration
- 'mmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 635
דַהֲווּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הוו
- Transliteration
- dhww
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 399
מְיַקְרִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקרין
- Transliteration
- myqryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
לָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לה
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 260
מִלְקַדְמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לקדמין
- Transliteration
- mlqdmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 37
נָהֲגוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נהגו
- Transliteration
- nhgw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
בָּהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בה
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 209
זִילוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זילותא
- Transliteration
- zylwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
אֲרוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארום
- Transliteration
- 'rwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 997
חֲזוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חזו
- Transliteration
- chzw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 101
בִּדְקָהָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דקהא
- Transliteration
- bdqh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
בְרַם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ברם
- Transliteration
- brm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 206
הִיא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- היא
- Transliteration
- hy'
- Morphology
- personal/demonstrative pronoun
- Gloss
- she, it
- Occurrences
- 241
מִתְאַנְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תאנחא
- Transliteration
- mt'nch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
וּרְתִיעַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רתיעת
- Transliteration
- wrty't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
לַאֲחוֹרָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחורא
- Transliteration
- l'chwr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 24
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Heth Peccatum peccavit Jerusalem, propterea instabilis facta est; omnes qui glorificabant eam spreverunt illam, quia viderunt ignominiam ejus: ipsa autem gemens conversa est retrorsum.
24 word entries
HETH
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Hehh
- Transliteration
- HETH
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 6
peccatum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- peccatum
- Transliteration
- peccatum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 608
peccavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pecco
- Transliteration
- peccavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 260
Hierusalem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Hierosolyma
- Transliteration
- Hierusalem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 852
propterea
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propterea
- Transliteration
- propterea
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 165
instabilis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- instabilis
- Transliteration
- instabilis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 5
facta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
omnes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
glorificabant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- glorifico
- Transliteration
- glorificabant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 78
eam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
spreverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sperno
- Transliteration
- spreverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 46
illam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
viderunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- viderunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
ignominiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignominia
- Transliteration
- ignominiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 51
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ipsa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
gemens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gemo
- Transliteration
- gemens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 18
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
conversa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- conuerto
- Transliteration
- conversa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 343
retrorsum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- retrorsum
- Transliteration
- retrorsum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 32
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Lamentations 1:11
All her people sigh. They seek bread. They have given their pleasant things for food to refresh their soul. “Look, LORD, and see, for I have become despised.”
3 relevance votesJeremiah 13:26
Therefore I will also uncover your skirts on your face, and your shame will appear.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 13:22
If you say in your heart, “Why have these things come on me?” Your skirts are uncovered because of the greatness of your iniquity, and your heels suffer violence.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 23:29
They will deal with you in hatred, and will take away all your labor, and will leave you naked and bare. The nakedness of your prostitution will be uncovered, both your lewdness and your prostitution.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 4:31
For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her who gives birth to her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, who gasps for breath, who spreads her hands, saying, “Woe is me now! For my soul faints before the murderers.”
2 relevance votesLamentations 2:10
The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground. They keep silence. They have cast up dust on their heads. They have clothed themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.
2 relevance votesLamentations 4:21
Rejoice and be glad, daughter of Edom, who dwells in the land of Uz. The cup will pass through to you also. You will be drunken, and will make yourself naked.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 15:4
I will cause them to be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh, the son of Hezekiah, king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.
2 relevance votesHosea 2:10
Now I will uncover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and no one will deliver her out of my hand.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 9:9
and they will answer, ‘Because they abandoned the LORD their God, who brought their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and embraced other gods, and worshiped them, and served them. Therefore the LORD has brought all this evil on them.’”
2 relevance votesEzekiel 23:46
“For the Lord GOD says: ‘I will bring up a mob against them, and will give them to be tossed back and forth and robbed.
2 relevance votesHosea 2:3
lest I strip her naked, and make her bare as in the day that she was born, and make her like a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and kill her with thirst.
2 relevance votes