1 In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh, the great city, in the days of Arphaxad, who reigned over the Medes in Ecbatana,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Judith 1:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
3
Word Entries
51
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ἝΤΟΥΣ δωδεκάτου τῆς βασιλείας Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ὃς ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀσσυρίων ἐν Νινευὴ τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ, ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἀρφαξὰδ,
18 word entries
ἝΤΟΥΣ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἕτους
- Transliteration
- etoys
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
δωδεκάτου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δωδεκάτου
- Transliteration
- dodekatoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
βασιλείας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεία
- Transliteration
- basileia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- kingdom, reign
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Kingdom, reign, royal power, or dominion.
- Occurrences
- 343
Ναβουχοδονόσορ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ναβουχοδονόσορ
- Transliteration
- Nabouchodonosor
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Nebuchadnezzar
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Nebuchadnezzar.
- Occurrences
- 95
ὃς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅς
- Transliteration
- hos
- Morphology
- relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- who, which
- Part of Speech
- relative pronoun
- Definition
- Relative pronoun who, which, that.
- Occurrences
- 4123
ἐβασίλευσεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύω
- Transliteration
- ebasileusen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it reigned
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To reign, rule as king, or exercise royal authority.
- Occurrences
- 246
Ἀσσυρίων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἀσσύριος
- Transliteration
- Assyrion
- Morphology
- proper adjective/substantive, genitive plural
- Gloss
- of Assyrians
- Part of Speech
- proper noun/adjective
- Definition
- Assyrian.
- Occurrences
- 108
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
Νινευὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Νινευὴ
- Transliteration
- nineye
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Νινευὴ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 18
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πόλει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πόλις
- Transliteration
- polis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- city
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- City or town.
- Occurrences
- 1387
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
μεγάλῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μέγας
- Transliteration
- megas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- great, large
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Great, large, important, or mighty.
- Occurrences
- 653
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ταῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἡμέραις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἡμέρα
- Transliteration
- hemera
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- day
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Day.
- Occurrences
- 2366
Ἀρφαξὰδ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἀρφαξὰδ
- Transliteration
- arphaxad
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀρφαξὰδ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܫܢܬ ܬܪܬܥܣܪܐ ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨ̇ܪ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ. ܕܐܡܠܟ ܒܢܝܢܘܐ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܪܒܬ̣ܐ̣. ܒܝܘܡ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܐܪܦܟܫܪ ܡ̇ܠܟܐ ܕܡܕܝ ܕܐܡܠܟ ܒܩܦܛܢ̣
16 word entries
ܒܫܢܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܫܢܬ
- Transliteration
- bshnt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 88
ܬܪܬܥܣܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܪܬܥܣܪܐ
- Transliteration
- trt'sr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 16
ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܠܟܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- dmlkwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 31
ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨ̇ܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܒܘܟܕܢܨܪ
- Transliteration
- dnbwkdnsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 21
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܕܐܬܘܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܬܘܪ
- Transliteration
- d'twr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 108
ܕܐܡܠܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܡܠܟ
- Transliteration
- d'mlk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܒܢܝܢܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܝܢܘܐ
- Transliteration
- bnynw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mdynt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 206
ܪܒܬ̣ܐ̣
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܒܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rbt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 146
ܒܝܘܡ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܘܡܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- bywmwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 24
ܕܐܪܦܟܫܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܦܟܫܪ
- Transliteration
- d'rpkshr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܡ̇ܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܕܡܕܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܕܝ
- Transliteration
- dmdy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 15
ܕܐܡܠܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܡܠܟ
- Transliteration
- d'mlk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܒܩܦܛܢ̣
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܩܦܛܢ
- Transliteration
- bqptn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Arphaxad itaque, rex Medorum, subjugaverat multas gentes imperio suo, et ipse ædificavit civitatem potentissimam, quam appellavit Ecbatanis,
17 word entries
Arfaxat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Arphaxad
- Transliteration
- Arfaxat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2
itaque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- itaque
- Transliteration
- itaque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 371
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
Medorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Medi
- Transliteration
- Medorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 25
subiugaverat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subiugo
- Transliteration
- subiugaverat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 11
multas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multus
- Transliteration
- multas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1032
gentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
imperio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imperium
- Transliteration
- imperio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
suo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ipse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
aedificavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedifico
- Transliteration
- aedificavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 449
civitatem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitatem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
potentissimam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- potens
- Transliteration
- potentissimam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 125
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
appellavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- appello
- Transliteration
- appellavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 71
Igbathanis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Igbathani
- Transliteration
- Igbathanis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1