3 But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Joshua 9:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י גִבְע֜וֹן שָׁמְע֗וּ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ לִֽירִיח֖וֹ וְלָעָֽי׃
9 word entries
וְיֹשְׁבֵ֨י
שָׁמְע֗וּ
אֵת֩
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
עָשָׂ֧ה
לִֽירִיח֖וֹ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Γαβαὼν ἤκουσαν πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησε Κύριος τῇ Ἱεριχὼ καὶ τῇ Γαί.
14 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
κατοικοῦντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κατοικέω
- Transliteration
- katoikountes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural
- Gloss
- dwelling, inhabiting
- Part of Speech
- verb/participle
- Definition
- To dwell, inhabit, or live in.
- Occurrences
- 217
Γαβαὼν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Γαβαὼν
- Transliteration
- gabaon
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Γαβαὼν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 28
ἤκουσαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀκούω
- Transliteration
- ekousan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they heard
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To hear, listen, or obey.
- Occurrences
- 438
πάντα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
ὅσα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅσος
- Transliteration
- hosa
- Morphology
- relative adjective/pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
- Gloss
- as many as, whatever
- Part of Speech
- relative adjective/pronoun
- Definition
- As much as, as many as.
- Occurrences
- 516
ἐποίησε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- epoiese
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it made, did
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
Κύριος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἱεριχὼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἱεριχὼ
- Transliteration
- iericho
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἱεριχὼ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 37
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τῇ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Γαί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Γαί
- Transliteration
- gai
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Γαί
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܓܒܥܘܢ ܫܡܥܘ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܒܕ ܝܫܘܥ ܠܥܝ ܘܠܐܝܪܝܚܘ
8 word entries
ܘܥܡܘܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- W<MWR">
- Morphology
- W-<MWR/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܓܒܥܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DGB<WN
- Morphology
- D-GB<WN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܫܡܥܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CM<W
- Morphology
- CM<[W
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MDM
- Morphology
- MDM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<BD
- Morphology
- D-<BD[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܝܫܘܥ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- JCW<
- Morphology
- JCW</
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܥܝ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- L<J
- Morphology
- L-<J=/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܠܐܝܪܝܚܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WL>JRJXW
- Morphology
- W-L->JRJXW/
- Occurrences
- 0
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְיַתְבֵי גִבְעוֹן שְׁמָעוּ יַת דִי עֲבַד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לִירִיחוֹ וְלָעָי׃
9 word entries
וְיַתְבֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבי
- Transliteration
- wytby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 275
גִבְעוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבעון
- Transliteration
- gb'wn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 34
שְׁמָעוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמעו
- Transliteration
- shm'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 97
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
עֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- 'bd
- Morphology
- verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
יְהוֹשֻׁעַ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהושע
- Transliteration
- yhwsh'
- Morphology
- proper noun
- Gloss
- Joshua
- Occurrences
- 200
לִירִיחוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יריחו
- Transliteration
- lyrychw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 45
וְלָעָי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לעי
- Transliteration
- wl'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
At hi qui habitabant in Gabaon, audientes cuncta quæ fecerat Josue Jericho, et Hai,
14 word entries
at
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- at
- Transliteration
- at
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 286
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
habitabant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habito
- Transliteration
- habitabant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 650
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Gabaon
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gabaon
- Transliteration
- Gabaon
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 34
audientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
cuncta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cunctus
- Transliteration
- cuncta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 586
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
fecerat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecerat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
Iosue
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iusus
- Transliteration
- Iosue
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 75
Hiericho
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iericho
- Transliteration
- Hiericho
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 63
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Ahi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ahium
- Transliteration
- Ahi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Joshua 10:2
they were very afraid, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.
5 relevance votesJoshua 9:17
The children of Israel traveled and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath Jearim.
4 relevance votes