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World English Bible Updated

Job 4

World English Bible Updated, Verse 12

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¹² “Now a thing was secretly brought to me. My ear received a whisper of it.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 4:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 64

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְ֭אֵלַי דָּבָ֣ר יְגֻנָּ֑ב וַתִּקַּ֥ח אָ֝זְנִ֗י שֵׁ֣מֶץ מֶֽנְהֽוּ׃

7 word entries

וְ֭אֵלַי

Lemma: c/413
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 345

דָּבָ֣ר

Lemma: 1697
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1697
Occurrences: 866

יְגֻנָּ֑ב

Lemma: 1589
Morphology: Hebrew: verb pual imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1589
Occurrences: 25

וַתִּקַּ֥ח

Lemma: c/3947
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3947
Occurrences: 500

אָ֝זְנִ֗י

Lemma: 241
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H241
Occurrences: 93

שֵׁ֣מֶץ

Lemma: 8102
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8102
Occurrences: 2

מֶֽנְהֽוּ

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Εἰ δέ τι ῥῆμα ἀληθινὸν ἐγεγόνει ἐν λόγοις σου, οὐθὲν ἄν σοι τούτων κακὸν ἀπήντησε· πότερον οὐ δέξεταί μου τὸ οὖς ἐξαίσια παρʼ αὐτοῦ;

24 word entries

Εἰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰ
Transliteration: ei
Morphology: conditional particle
Gloss: if, whether
Part of Speech: conditional particle
Definition: Conditional particle.
Occurrences: 649

δέ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

τι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τις
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: pronoun, nominative singular
Gloss: someone, anyone, who?
Part of Speech: indefinite/interrogative pronoun
Definition: Indefinite or interrogative pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 190

ῥῆμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ῥῆμα
Transliteration: rhema
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: word, saying, matter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Spoken word, saying, or matter.
Occurrences: 403

ἀληθινὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀληθινὸν
Transliteration: alethinon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

ἐγεγόνει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐγεγόνει
Transliteration: egegonei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

λόγοις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λόγος
Transliteration: logois
Morphology: noun, masculine dative plural
Gloss: words, matters
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's: G3056
Occurrences: 1103

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

οὐθὲν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οὐθὲν
Transliteration: oythen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

ἄν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄν
Transliteration: an
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 633

σοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

τούτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

κακὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κακὸν
Transliteration: kakon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

ἀπήντησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπήντησε
Transliteration: apentese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

πότερον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πότερον
Transliteration: poteron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

δέξεταί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δέξεταί
Transliteration: dexetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

οὖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὖς
Transliteration: ous
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: ear
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Ear.
Occurrences: 115

ἐξαίσια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξαίσια
Transliteration: exaisia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

παρʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παρά
Transliteration: par
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: from, beside, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of παρά.
Occurrences: 776

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܠܝ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܐܬܓܝܒ ܘܩ̇ܒܠܬ ܐܕܢܝ ܐܝܟ ܙܥܘܪ ܡܢܗ

8 word entries

ܘܥܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܠܝ
Transliteration: w'ly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 16

ܦܬܓܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܬܓܡܐ
Transliteration: ptgm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 285

ܐܬܓܝܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܓܝܒ
Transliteration: 'tgyb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܘܩ̇ܒܠܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܒܠܬ
Transliteration: wqblt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

ܐܕܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܕܢܝ
Transliteration: 'dny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܙܥܘܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܥܘܪ
Transliteration: z'wr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 17

ܡܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܗ
Transliteration: mnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 240

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לְוָתִי פִּתְגַם אִתְאֲמַר בִּנְטִיר וַאֲלִיפַת אוּדְנֵי קְצַת דְאִתְמְצֵי מִנֵיהּ׃

9 word entries

לְוָתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותי
Transliteration: lwty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 94

פִּתְגַם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פתגם
Transliteration: ptgm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 245

אִתְאֲמַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתאמר
Transliteration: 't'mr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 37

בִּנְטִיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נטיר
Transliteration: bntyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 23

וַאֲלִיפַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אליפת
Transliteration: w'lypt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

אוּדְנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אודני
Transliteration: 'wdny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

קְצַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קצת
Transliteration: qtst
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

דְאִתְמְצֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתמצי
Transliteration: d'tmtsy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

מִנֵיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניה
Transliteration: mnyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 178

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Porro ad me dictum est verbum absconditum, et quasi furtive suscepit auris mea venas susurri ejus.

16 word entries

porro

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: porro
Transliteration: porro
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 279

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

dictum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dictum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

verbum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verbum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

absconditum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absconditus
Transliteration: absconditum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 87

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

furtive

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: furtiue
Transliteration: furtive
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1

suscepit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suscipio
Transliteration: suscepit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 184

auris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auris
Transliteration: auris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 212

mea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mea
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

venas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uena
Transliteration: venas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

susurri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: susurrus
Transliteration: susurri
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Job 4

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Ranked cross references

Job 26:14

Psalms 62:11

1 Corinthians 13:12