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World English Bible Updated

Job 24

World English Bible Updated, Verse 5

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⁵ Behold, as wild donkeys in the desert, they go out to their work, seeking diligently for food. The wilderness yields them bread for their children.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 24:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֵ֤ן פְּרָאִ֨ים ׀ בַּֽמִּדְבָּ֗ר יָצְא֣וּ בְּ֭פָעֳלָם מְשַׁחֲרֵ֣י לַטָּ֑רֶף עֲרָבָ֥ה ל֥וֹ לֶ֝֗חֶם לַנְּעָרִֽים׃

11 word entries

הֵ֤ן

Lemma: 2005
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2005
Occurrences: 301

פְּרָאִ֨ים

Lemma: 6501
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6501
Occurrences: 9

בַּֽמִּדְבָּ֗ר

Lemma: b/4057 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4057
Occurrences: 141

יָצְא֣וּ

Lemma: 3318
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 539

בְּ֭פָעֳלָם

Lemma: b/6467
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6467
Occurrences: 3

מְשַׁחֲרֵ֣י

Lemma: 7836
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7836
Occurrences: 8

לַטָּ֑רֶף

Lemma: l/2964
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2964
Occurrences: 2

עֲרָבָ֥ה

Lemma: 6160
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6160
Occurrences: 7

ל֥וֹ

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

לֶ֝֗חֶם

Lemma: 3899
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3899
Occurrences: 232

לַנְּעָרִֽים

Lemma: l/5288
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5288
Occurrences: 22

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀπέβησαν δὲ ὥσπερ ὄνοι ἐν ἀγρῷ, ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ἐξελθόντες τὴν ἑαυτῶν τάξιν· ἡδύνθη αὐτῷ ἄρτος εἰς νεωτέρους.

17 word entries

Ἀπέβησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀπέβησαν
Transliteration: apebesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ὥσπερ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὥσπερ
Transliteration: hosper
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: just as, as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 236

ὄνοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄνοι
Transliteration: onoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ἀγρῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀγρός
Transliteration: agro
Morphology: noun, masculine dative singular
Gloss: field
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Field, countryside, or farm land.
Occurrences: 141

ὑπὲρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπέρ
Transliteration: hyper
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: over, above, on behalf of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 395

ἐμοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἐξελθόντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξελθόντες
Transliteration: exelthontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἑαυτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

τάξιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τάξιν
Transliteration: taxin
Morphology: accusative singular feminine or third-declension accusative pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἡδύνθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἡδύνθη
Transliteration: edynthe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἄρτος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄρτος
Transliteration: artos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 190

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

νεωτέρους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νεωτέρους
Transliteration: neoteroys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܟ ܥܪ̈ܕܐ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ ܕܡܩܕܡܝܢ ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ ܠܚܡܐ ܠܥܠܝܡܘܬܗܘܢ

7 word entries

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܥܪ̈ܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܪܕܐ
Transliteration: 'rd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 7

ܒܡܕܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܕܒܪܐ
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 94

ܕܡܩܕܡܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܩܕܡܝܢ
Transliteration: dmqdmyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
Transliteration: lm'kwlt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 6

ܠܚܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܚܡܐ
Transliteration: lhm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 108

ܠܥܠܝܡܘܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܥܠܝܡܘܬܗܘܢ
Transliteration: l'lymwthwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֵיךְ דֵין כִּמְרוֹדַיָא בְמַדְבְּרָא נְפַקוּ לְעוֹבָדֵיהוֹן בִּישִׁיָא מְקַדְמִין לְבִזָא בְּמֵשְׁרָא אָנֵס לֵיהּ מְזוֹנָא לְטַלְיֵהּ׃

14 word entries

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

דֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דין
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 684

כִּמְרוֹדַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרודיא
Transliteration: kmrwdy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

בְמַדְבְּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מדברא
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 141

נְפַקוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפקו
Transliteration: npqw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

לְעוֹבָדֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובדיהון
Transliteration: l'wbdyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 85

בִּישִׁיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישיא
Transliteration: byshy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 21

מְקַדְמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמין
Transliteration: mqdmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

לְבִזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזא
Transliteration: lbz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

בְּמֵשְׁרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משרא
Transliteration: bmshr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

אָנֵס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אנס
Transliteration: 'ns
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

מְזוֹנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זונא
Transliteration: mzwn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

לְטַלְיֵהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טליה
Transliteration: ltlyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Alii quasi onagri in deserto egrediuntur ad opus suum: vigilantes ad prædam, præparant panem liberis.

16 word entries

alii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alius
Transliteration: alii
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 577

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

onagri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: onager
Transliteration: onagri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 10

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

deserto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: desertum
Transliteration: deserto
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 196

egrediuntur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egrediuntur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

opus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: opus
Transliteration: opus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 656

suum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

vigilantesque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uigilo
Transliteration: vigilantesque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 55

{vigilantesque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {vigilantesque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

praedam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praeda
Transliteration: praedam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 85

praeparant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praeparo
Transliteration: praeparant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 123

panem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: panis
Transliteration: panem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 393

liberis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: liberi
Transliteration: liberis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 58

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Job 24

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Job 5:5

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Hosea 7:6

John 18:28

Proverbs 4:16

Genesis 16:12

Genesis 27:40

Job 24:14

Job 12:6