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World English Bible Updated

Jeremiah 31

World English Bible Updated, Verse 3

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³ The LORD appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 31:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מֵרָח֕וֹק יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֣ה לִ֑י וְאַהֲבַ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ עַל־כֵּ֖ן מְשַׁכְתִּ֥יךְ חָֽסֶד׃

11 word entries

מֵרָח֕וֹק

Lemma: m/7350
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7350
Occurrences: 33

יְהוָ֖ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

נִרְאָ֣ה

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

לִ֑י

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

וְאַהֲבַ֤ת

Lemma: c/160
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H160
Occurrences: 3

עוֹלָם֙

Lemma: 5769
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5769
Occurrences: 223

אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ

Lemma: 157
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 143

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

כֵּ֖ן

Lemma: 3651 c
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3651
Occurrences: 502

מְשַׁכְתִּ֥יךְ

Lemma: 4900
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4900
Occurrences: 24

חָֽסֶד

Lemma: 2617 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2617
Occurrences: 193

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ὅτι φωνὴ κεκραγότων ἐξ Ὠρωναὶμ, ὄλεθρον καὶ σύντριμμα μέγα·

9 word entries

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

φωνὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φωνή
Transliteration: phone
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: voice, sound
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Voice, sound, or utterance.
Occurrences: 549

κεκραγότων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κεκραγότων
Transliteration: kekragoton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐξ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

Ὠρωναὶμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ὠρωναὶμ
Transliteration: oronaim
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ὠρωναὶμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ὄλεθρον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄλεθρον
Transliteration: olethron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

σύντριμμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σύντριμμα
Transliteration: syntrimma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 25

μέγα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μέγας
Transliteration: megas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: great, large
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Great, large, important, or mighty.
Occurrences: 653

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢ ܪܘܚܩܐ ܡܪܝܐ ܐܬܚܙܝ ܠܝ ܘܐܡܪ ܠܝ ܪܚܡܬܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܪܚܡܬܟܝ ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܢܓܕܬܟܝ ܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ

14 word entries

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܪܘܚܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܘܚܩܐ
Transliteration: rwhq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 34

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܐܬܚܙܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܚܙܝ
Transliteration: 'thzy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 13

ܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝ
Transliteration: ly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 865

ܘܐܡܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪ
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1697

ܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝ
Transliteration: ly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 865

ܪܚܡܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܬܐ
Transliteration: rhmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 15

ܕܥܠܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܠܡܐ
Transliteration: d'lm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 48

ܪܚܡܬܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܬܟܝ
Transliteration: rhmtky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܗܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܢܐ
Transliteration: hn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 876

ܢܓܕܬܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܕܬܟܝ
Transliteration: ngdtky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܛܝܒܘܬܐ
Transliteration: ltybwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲמַרֵית יְרוּשְׁלֵם מִלְקַדְמִין יְיָ אִתְגְלֵי עַל אֲבָהָתָנָא נְבִיָא אֲמַר לְהוֹן הָא רַחֲמַת עַלְמָא רְחֵימַת יַתְכוֹן עַל כֵּן דַבָּרִית יַתְכוֹן בְּטַבְוָן׃

20 word entries

אֲמַרֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרית
Transliteration: 'mryt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 168

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

מִלְקַדְמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לקדמין
Transliteration: mlqdmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 37

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

אִתְגְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתגלי
Transliteration: 'tgly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 64

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

אֲבָהָתָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבהתנא
Transliteration: 'bhtn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 40

נְבִיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נביא
Transliteration: nby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 422

אֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mr
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

הָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הא
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 704

רַחֲמַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחמת
Transliteration: rchmt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

עַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

רְחֵימַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחימת
Transliteration: rchymt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

יַתְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתכון
Transliteration: ytkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 192

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

כֵּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כן
Transliteration: kn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 422

דַבָּרִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברית
Transliteration: dbryt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

יַתְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתכון
Transliteration: ytkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 192

בְּטַבְוָן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טבון
Transliteration: btbwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Longe Dominus apparuit mihi. Et in caritate perpetua dilexi te: ideo attraxi te, miserans.

14 word entries

longe

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: longe
Transliteration: longe
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 118

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

apparuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: appareo
Transliteration: apparuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 202

mihi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: mihi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

caritate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caritas
Transliteration: caritate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 100

perpetua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: perpetuus
Transliteration: perpetua
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 59

dilexi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: dilexi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

ideo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ideo
Transliteration: ideo
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 137

adtraxi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: attraho
Transliteration: adtraxi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 7

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

miserans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: miseror
Transliteration: miserans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Jeremiah 31

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 103:17

Hosea 11:4

Deuteronomy 33:3

1 John 4:19

2 Timothy 1:9

Romans 8:30

Isaiah 45:17

Malachi 1:2

Deuteronomy 10:15

Song of Solomon 1:4

1 Peter 1:3

Hosea 11:1