16 The LORD, who makes a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 43:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
53
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן בַּיָּ֖ם דָּ֑רֶךְ וּבְמַ֥יִם עַזִּ֖ים נְתִיבָֽה׃
9 word entries
אָמַ֣ר
הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן
בַּיָּ֖ם
דָּ֑רֶךְ
וּבְמַ֥יִם
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οὕτως λέγει Κύριος, ὁ διδοὺς ἐν θαλάσσῃ ὁδὸν, καὶ ἐν ὕδατι ἰσχυρῷ τρίβον,
13 word entries
Οὕτως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὕτως
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- thus, so
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Thus, so, in this way.
- Occurrences
- 776
λέγει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- legei
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it says
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
Κύριος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
διδοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- διδοὺς
- Transliteration
- didoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 19
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
θαλάσσῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- θαλάσσῃ
- Transliteration
- thalasse
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
ὁδὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁδός
- Transliteration
- hodon
- Morphology
- noun, feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- way, road, path
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Way, road, path, journey, or manner of life.
- Occurrences
- 701
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ὕδατι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὕδωρ
- Transliteration
- hydor
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- water
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Water.
- Occurrences
- 629
ἰσχυρῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἰσχυρῷ
- Transliteration
- ischyr
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
τρίβον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τρίβον
- Transliteration
- tribon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܟܢܐ ܐܡ̇ܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܕܝܗܒ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܒܝܡܐ ܘܫܒܝܠܐ ܒܡ̈ܝܐ ܥܫܝ̈ܢܐ
9 word entries
ܗܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hkn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 718
ܐܡ̇ܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1127
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܕܝܗܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܗܒ
- Transliteration
- dyhb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 67
ܐܘܪܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘܪܚܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wrh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 134
ܒܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 33
ܘܫܒܝܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܒܝܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wshbyl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܒܡ̈ܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- bmy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 33
ܥܫܝ̈ܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܫܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'shyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 84
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ דְאַתְקֵין בְּיַמָא אוֹרְחָא וּבְמַיִין תַּקִיפִין שְׁבִילָא׃
9 word entries
כִּדְנַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דנן
- Transliteration
- kdnn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 503
אֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- 'mr
- Morphology
- verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
דְאַתְקֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתקין
- Transliteration
- d'tqyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 42
בְּיַמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ימא
- Transliteration
- bym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 284
אוֹרְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אורחא
- Transliteration
- 'wrch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 119
וּבְמַיִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- במיין
- Transliteration
- wbmyyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
תַּקִיפִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקיפין
- Transliteration
- tqypyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 84
שְׁבִילָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שבילא
- Transliteration
- shbyl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 6
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hæc dicit Dominus, qui dedit in mari viam, et in aquis torrentibus semitam;
13 word entries
haec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- haec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
dicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
dedit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- do
- Transliteration
- dedit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2116
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
mari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mare
- Transliteration
- mari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 490
viam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uia
- Transliteration
- viam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 853
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
aquis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aqua
- Transliteration
- aquis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 692
torrentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- torrens
- Transliteration
- torrentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 122
semitam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semita
- Transliteration
- semitam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 84
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 43:2
When you pass through the waters, I will be with you, and through the rivers, they will not overflow you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned, and flame will not scorch you.
10 relevance votesIsaiah 51:10
Isn’t it you who dried up the sea, the waters of the great deep; who made the depths of the sea a way for the redeemed to pass over?
10 relevance votesPsalms 77:19
Your way was through the sea, your paths through the great waters. Your footsteps were not known.
10 relevance votesJeremiah 31:35
The LORD, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar— the LORD of Armies is his name, says:
8 relevance votesIsaiah 51:15
For I am the LORD your God, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar. the LORD of Armies is his name.
5 relevance votesPsalms 106:9
He rebuked the Red Sea also, and it was dried up; so he led them through the depths, as through a desert.
5 relevance votesPsalms 78:13
He split the sea, and caused them to pass through. He made the waters stand as a heap.
5 relevance votesNehemiah 9:11
You divided the sea before them, so that they went through the middle of the sea on the dry land; and you cast their pursuers into the depths, as a stone into the mighty waters.
5 relevance votesExodus 14:29
But the children of Israel walked on dry land in the middle of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
4 relevance votesRevelation 16:12
The sixth poured out his bowl on the great river, the Euphrates. Its water was dried up, that the way might be prepared for the kings that come from the sunrise.
4 relevance votesExodus 14:16
Lift up your rod, and stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it. Then the children of Israel shall go into the middle of the sea on dry ground.
3 relevance votes