17 Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Defend the fatherless. Plead for the widow.”
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 1:17. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
55
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה׃ ס
10 word entries
לִמְד֥וּ
הֵיטֵ֛ב
דִּרְשׁ֥וּ
מִשְׁפָּ֖ט
אַשְּׁר֣וּ
חָמ֑וֹץ
שִׁפְט֣וּ
יָת֔וֹם
רִ֖יבוּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν, ἐκζητήσατε κρίσιν, ῥύσασθε ἀδικούμενον, κρίνατε ὀρφανῷ, καὶ δικαιώσατε χήραν.
12 word entries
μάθετε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μάθετε
- Transliteration
- mathete
- Morphology
- verb, active imperative/indicative, 2nd plural pattern
- Gloss
- you all ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
καλὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καλός
- Transliteration
- kalon
- Morphology
- adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
- Gloss
- good, beautiful
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Good, beautiful, noble.
- Occurrences
- 62
ποιεῖν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- poiein
- Morphology
- present active infinitive
- Gloss
- to make, to do
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
ἐκζητήσατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἐκζητήσατε
- Transliteration
- ekzetesate
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἐκζητήσατε
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
κρίσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κρίσις
- Transliteration
- krisis
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- judgment, justice
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Judgment, decision, justice, or legal action.
- Occurrences
- 162
ῥύσασθε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ῥύσασθε
- Transliteration
- ysasthe
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀδικούμενον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀδικούμενον
- Transliteration
- adikoymenon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
κρίνατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κρίνατε
- Transliteration
- krinate
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
ὀρφανῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὀρφανῷ
- Transliteration
- orphan
- Morphology
- 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
- Gloss
- I ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
δικαιώσατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- δικαιώσατε
- Transliteration
- dikaiosate
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
χήραν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χήραν
- Transliteration
- cheran
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܝܠܦܘ ܠܡܛܐܒܘ ܥܩܒܘ ܕܝܢܐ ܘܐܛܐܒܘ ܠܛܠܝܡ̈ܐ ܕܘܢܘ ܝܬ̈ܡܐ ܘܕܘܢܘ ܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ
10 word entries
ܘܐܝܠܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܠܦܘ
- Transliteration
- w'ylpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܡܛܐܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܛܐܒܘ
- Transliteration
- lmt'bw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܥܩܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܩܒܘ
- Transliteration
- 'qbw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 177
ܘܐܛܐܒܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܛܐܒܘ
- Transliteration
- w't'bw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܛܠܝܡ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܛܠܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ltlym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܘܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܘܢܘ
- Transliteration
- dwnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܝܬ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܬܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ytm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܘܕܘܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܘܢܘ
- Transliteration
- wdwnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܪ̈ܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'rmlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 16
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אַלִיפוּ לְאוֹטָבָא תְּבָעוּ דִינָא זַכּוּ דַאֲנִיס דוּנוּ דִין יַתְמָא עֲבִידוּ קַבִּילוּ קְבֵילַת אַרְמַלְתָּא׃
13 word entries
אַלִיפוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אליפו
- Transliteration
- 'lypw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 20
לְאוֹטָבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אוטבא
- Transliteration
- l'wtb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 25
תְּבָעוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבעו
- Transliteration
- tb'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 41
דִינָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ינא
- Transliteration
- dyn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 144
זַכּוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זכו
- Transliteration
- zkw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 36
דַאֲנִיס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אניס
- Transliteration
- d'nys
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 10
דוּנוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ונו
- Transliteration
- dwnw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
דִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דין
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 684
יַתְמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתמא
- Transliteration
- ytm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
עֲבִידוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עבידו
- Transliteration
- 'bydw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 29
קַבִּילוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קבילו
- Transliteration
- qbylw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 131
קְבֵילַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קבילת
- Transliteration
- qbylt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
אַרְמַלְתָּא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארמלתא
- Transliteration
- 'rmlt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 17
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
discite benefacere; quærite judicium, subvenite oppresso, judicate pupillo, defendite viduam.]
10 word entries
discite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- disco
- Transliteration
- discite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 91
benefacere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- benefacio
- Transliteration
- benefacere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
quaerite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quaero
- Transliteration
- quaerite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 420
iudicium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iudicium
- Transliteration
- iudicium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 529
subvenite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subuenio
- Transliteration
- subvenite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
oppresso
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opprimo
- Transliteration
- oppresso
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 74
iudicate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iudico
- Transliteration
- iudicate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 351
pupillo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pupillus
- Transliteration
- pupillo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
defendite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- defendo
- Transliteration
- defendite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
viduam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uidua
- Transliteration
- viduam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 86
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Micah 6:8
He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does the LORD require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?
31 relevance votesJeremiah 22:3
The LORD says: “Execute justice and righteousness, and deliver him who is robbed out of the hand of the oppressor. Do no wrong. Do no violence to the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow. Don’t shed innocent blood in this place.
27 relevance votesProverbs 31:9
Open your mouth, judge righteously, and serve justice to the poor and needy.”
25 relevance votesIsaiah 1:23
Your princes are rebellious and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes and follows after rewards. They don’t defend the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them.
23 relevance votesZechariah 8:16
These are the things that you shall do: speak every man the truth with his neighbor. Execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates,
18 relevance votesDaniel 4:27
Therefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable to you, and break off your sins by righteousness, and your iniquities by showing mercy to the poor. Perhaps there may be a lengthening of your tranquility.”
18 relevance votesZephaniah 2:3
Seek the LORD, all you humble of the land, who have kept his ordinances. Seek righteousness. Seek humility. It may be that you will be hidden in the day of the LORD’s anger.
17 relevance votes