13 The princes of Zoan have become fools. The princes of Memphis are deceived. They have caused Egypt to go astray, those who are the cornerstone of her tribes.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 19:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
59
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
נֽוֹאֲלוּ֙ שָׂ֣רֵי צֹ֔עַן נִשְּׁא֖וּ שָׂ֣רֵי נֹ֑ף הִתְע֥וּ אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם פִּנַּ֥ת שְׁבָטֶֽיהָ׃
11 word entries
נֽוֹאֲלוּ֙
שָׂ֣רֵי
נִשְּׁא֖וּ
שָׂ֣רֵי
הִתְע֥וּ
אֶת
פִּנַּ֥ת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐξέλιπον οἱ ἄρχοντες Τάνεως, καὶ ὑψώθησαν οἱ ἄρχοντες Μέμφεως, καὶ πλανήσουσιν Αἴγυπτον κατὰ φυλάς.
14 word entries
Ἐξέλιπον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐξέλιπον
- Transliteration
- exelipon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 30
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἄρχοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄρχων
- Transliteration
- archon
- Morphology
- noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- ruler, leader
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Ruler, leader, or official.
- Occurrences
- 577
Τάνεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Τάνεως
- Transliteration
- taneos
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Τάνεως
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ὑψώθησαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὑψώθησαν
- Transliteration
- ypsothesan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἄρχοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄρχων
- Transliteration
- archon
- Morphology
- noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- ruler, leader
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Ruler, leader, or official.
- Occurrences
- 577
Μέμφεως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Μέμφεως
- Transliteration
- mempheos
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Μέμφεως
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πλανήσουσιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πλανήσουσιν
- Transliteration
- planesoysin
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Αἴγυπτον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Αἴγυπτος
- Transliteration
- Aigypton
- Morphology
- proper noun, accusative feminine singular
- Gloss
- Egypt
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Egypt.
- Occurrences
- 600
κατὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κατά
- Transliteration
- kata
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- according to, against, down
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
- Occurrences
- 1973
φυλάς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φυλάς
- Transliteration
- phylas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 9
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܛܘ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ ܕܨܥܢ ܐܬܬܪܝܡܘ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ ܕܡܦܣ ܘܐܛܥܝܘ ܠܡܨܪܝܢ ܒ̈ܙܘܝܬܐ ܕܫܪ̈ܒܬܗ̇
10 word entries
ܫܛܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܛܘ
- Transliteration
- shtw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܪܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- rwrbn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 119
ܕܨܥܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܨܥܢ
- Transliteration
- ds'n
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܐܬܬܪܝܡܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܬܪܝܡܘ
- Transliteration
- 'ttrymw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܪܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- rwrbn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 119
ܕܡܦܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܦܣ
- Transliteration
- dmps
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܐܛܥܝܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܛܥܝܘ
- Transliteration
- w't'yw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܡܨܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܨܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lmsryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 44
ܒ̈ܙܘܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܙܘܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bzwyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܫܪ̈ܒܬܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܪܒܬܗ
- Transliteration
- dshrbth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אִטְפַּשׁוּ רַבְרְבֵי טָאנֵס טְעוֹ אֱנָשׁ מַפִיס אַטְעַיוּ יַת מִצְרָאֵי רַבָּנֵי פַלְכָהָא׃
11 word entries
אִטְפַּשׁוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אטפשו
- Transliteration
- 'tpshw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 9
רַבְרְבֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רברבי
- Transliteration
- rbrby
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 84
טָאנֵס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טאנס
- Transliteration
- t'ns
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
טְעוֹ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טעו
- Transliteration
- t'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 45
אֱנָשׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנש
- Transliteration
- 'nsh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 341
מַפִיס
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פיס
- Transliteration
- mpys
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
אַטְעַיוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אטעיו
- Transliteration
- 't'yw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
מִצְרָאֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צראי
- Transliteration
- mtsr'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 40
רַבָּנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רבני
- Transliteration
- rbny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 98
פַלְכָהָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פלכהא
- Transliteration
- plkh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Stulti facti sunt principes Taneos, emarcuerunt principes Mempheos; deceperunt Ægyptum, angulum populorum ejus.
13 word entries
stulti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- stultus
- Transliteration
- stulti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 129
facti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
principes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- princeps
- Transliteration
- principes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 830
Taneos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Taneus
- Transliteration
- Taneos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 4
emarcuerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- emarcesco
- Transliteration
- emarcuerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 5
principes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- princeps
- Transliteration
- principes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 830
Mempheos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Memphei
- Transliteration
- Mempheos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
deceperunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- decipio
- Transliteration
- deceperunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 75
Aegyptum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Aegyptus
- Transliteration
- Aegyptum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 617
angulum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- angulus
- Transliteration
- angulum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 68
populorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- populus
- Transliteration
- populorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2030
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jeremiah 2:16
The children also of Memphis and Tahpanhes have broken the crown of your head.
5 relevance votesEzekiel 30:13
“‘The Lord GOD says: “I will also destroy the idols, and I will cause the images to cease from Memphis. There will be no more a prince from the land of Egypt. I will put a fear in the land of Egypt.
5 relevance votesJeremiah 46:14
“Declare in Egypt, publish in Migdol, and publish in Memphis and in Tahpanhes; say, ‘Stand up, and prepare, for the sword has devoured around you.’
4 relevance votesJeremiah 46:19
You daughter who dwells in Egypt, furnish yourself to go into captivity; for Memphis will become a desolation, and will be burned up, without inhabitant.
4 relevance votesZechariah 10:4
From him will come the cornerstone, from him the tent peg, from him the battle bow, from him every ruler together.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 19:11
The princes of Zoan are utterly foolish. The counsel of the wisest counselors of Pharaoh has become stupid. How do you say to Pharaoh, “I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings”?
3 relevance votes1 Samuel 14:38
Saul said, “Draw near here, all you chiefs of the people, and know and see in whom this sin has been today.
2 relevance votesRomans 1:22
Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,
2 relevance votesNumbers 24:17
I see him, but not now. I see him, but not near. A star will come out of Jacob. A scepter will rise out of Israel, and shall strike through the corners of Moab, and crush all the sons of Sheth.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 30:16
I will set a fire in Egypt Sin will be in great anguish. No will be broken up. Memphis will have adversaries in the daytime.
2 relevance votes1 Peter 2:7
For you who believe therefore is the honor, but for those who are disobedient, “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone,”
2 relevance votes