8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ezra 4:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
56
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ῥεοὺμ βαλτὰμ καὶ Σαμψὰ ὁ γραμματεὺς ἔγραψαν ἐπιστολὴν μίαν κατὰ Ἱερουσαλὴμ τῷ Ἀρθασασθὰ βασιλεῖ.
14 word entries
Ῥεοὺμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ῥεοὺμ
- Transliteration
- eoym
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ῥεοὺμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
βαλτὰμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- βαλτὰμ
- Transliteration
- baltam
- Morphology
- rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
- Gloss
- rare source form
- Part of Speech
- transliterated proper/source term
- Definition
- Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
- Occurrences
- 4
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Σαμψὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σαμψὰ
- Transliteration
- sampsa
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γραμματεὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- γραμματεὺς
- Transliteration
- grammateys
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
ἔγραψαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἔγραψαν
- Transliteration
- egrapsan
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἔγραψαν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
ἐπιστολὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπιστολὴν
- Transliteration
- epistolen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
μίαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἷς
- Transliteration
- heis
- Morphology
- numeral/adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- one
- Part of Speech
- numeral/adjective
- Definition
- One, a single one.
- Occurrences
- 785
κατὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κατά
- Transliteration
- kata
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- according to, against, down
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
- Occurrences
- 1973
Ἱερουσαλὴμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἱερουσαλήμ
- Transliteration
- Hierousalem
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Jerusalem
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Jerusalem.
- Occurrences
- 763
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἀρθασασθὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἀρθασασθὰ
- Transliteration
- arthasastha
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀρθασασθὰ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
βασιλεῖ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
Biblical Aramaic Passages
Aramaic · Biblical Aramaic · Public Domain WLC text; CC BY 4.0 OSHB lemma/morphology
Coverage: Canonical Aramaic passages in Genesis, Jeremiah, Ezra, and Daniel
Original Aramaic passages embedded in the Hebrew Bible, not a full Targum.
רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃
13 word entries
בְּעֵל
טְעֵ֗ם
וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙
סָֽפְרָ֔א
כְּתַ֛בוּ
אִגְּרָ֥ה
לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא
מַלְכָּ֖א
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܪܚܘܡ ܒܥܠ ܛܓܡܐ ܘܫܡܫܝ ܣ̇ܦܪܐ ܟܬܒ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܥܠ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܠܐܪܛܚܫܫܬ ܡܠܟܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܡܘܣܐ
14 word entries
ܐܪܚܘܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܚܘܡ
- Transliteration
- 'rhwm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܒܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܥܠ
- Transliteration
- b'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܛܓܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܓܡܐ
- Transliteration
- tgm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܫܡܫܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܡܫܝ
- Transliteration
- wshmshy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܣ̇ܦܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܦܪܐ
- Transliteration
- spr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 93
ܟܬܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܬܒ
- Transliteration
- ktb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 28
ܐܓܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܓܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'grt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 44
ܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 446
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
- Transliteration
- 'wrshlm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 168
ܠܐܪܛܚܫܫܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܪܛܚܫܫܬ
- Transliteration
- l'rthshsht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2051
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 152
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Reum Beelteem, et Samsai scriba, scripserunt epistolam unam de Jerusalem Artaxerxi regi, hujuscemodi:
15 word entries
dixit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
percutere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- percutio
- Transliteration
- percutere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 576
,
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ,
- Transliteration
- ,
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 274
percutiunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- percutio
- Transliteration
- percutiunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 576
;
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ;
- Transliteration
- ;
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 131
dixit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
exterminare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- extermino
- Transliteration
- exterminare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
,
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ,
- Transliteration
- ,
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 274
exterminant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- extermino
- Transliteration
- exterminant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
;
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ;
- Transliteration
- ;
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 131
dixit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
aedificare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedifico
- Transliteration
- aedificare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 449
,
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ,
- Transliteration
- ,
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 274
aedificant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedifico
- Transliteration
- aedificant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 449
;
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ;
- Transliteration
- ;
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: other
- Occurrences
- 131
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Targum Aramaic
not in current source set
No license-clean Targum panel is currently mapped for this book in the imported public-domain source set.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ezra 4:9
Then Rehum the chancellor, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites,
3 relevance votes2 Samuel 20:25
Sheva was scribe, Zadok and Abiathar were priests,
2 relevance votes2 Kings 18:18
When they had called to the king, Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebnah the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder came out to them.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 8:17
Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, Seraiah was scribe,
2 relevance votes