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World English Bible Updated

Exodus 32

World English Bible Updated, Verse 25

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²⁵ When Moses saw that the people were out of control, (for Aaron had let them lose control, causing derision among their enemies),

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 32:25. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 72

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיַּ֤רְא מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃

12 word entries

וַיַּ֤רְא

Lemma: c/7200
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 487

מֹשֶׁה֙

Lemma: 4872
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4872
Occurrences: 726

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

הָעָ֔ם

Lemma: d/5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 815

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

פָרֻ֖עַ

Lemma: 6544 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle passive
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6544
Occurrences: 13

ה֑וּא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

פְרָעֹ֣ה

Lemma: 6544 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6544
Occurrences: 13

אַהֲרֹ֔ן

Lemma: 175
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H175
Occurrences: 263

לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה

Lemma: l/8103
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8103
Occurrences: 1

בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם

Lemma: b/6965 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6965
Occurrences: 7

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἰδὼν Μωυσῆς τὸν λαὸν ὅτι διεσκέδασται· (διεσκέδασε γὰρ αὐτοὺς Ἀαρών ἐπίχαρμα τοῖς ὑπεναντίοις αὐτῶν)

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἰδὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁράω
Transliteration: idon
Morphology: aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: having seen
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences: 768

Μωυσῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Μωυσῆς
Transliteration: Moses
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Moses
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Moses.
Occurrences: 792

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

διεσκέδασται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: διεσκέδασται
Transliteration: dieskedastai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

διεσκέδασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διεσκέδασε
Transliteration: dieskedase
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Ἀαρών

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀαρών
Transliteration: aaron
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀαρών
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Aaron.
Occurrences: 363

ἐπίχαρμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπίχαρμα
Transliteration: epicharma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὑπεναντίοις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπεναντίοις
Transliteration: ypenantiois
Morphology: dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וַחֲזָא משֶׁה יָת עַמָא אֲרֵי בְטִיל הוּא אֲרֵי בָטֵילִנוּן אַהֲרֹן לַאֲסָבוּתְהוֹן שׁוּם בִּישׁ לְדָרֵיהוֹן:

14 word entries

וַחֲזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזא
Transliteration: wchz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 75

משֶׁה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: משה
Transliteration: mshh
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Moses
Occurrences: 649

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 613

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 989

בְטִיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טיל
Transliteration: btyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 372

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 989

בָטֵילִנוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טילנון
Transliteration: btylnwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

אַהֲרֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אהרן
Transliteration: 'hrn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 289

לַאֲסָבוּתְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסבותהון
Transliteration: l'sbwthwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

שׁוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שום
Transliteration: shwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 50

בִּישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביש
Transliteration: bysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

לְדָרֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דריהון
Transliteration: ldryhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ ܡܘܫܐ ܠܥܡܐ ܕܚܛܘ ܠܗܘܢ. ܕܐܚܛܝ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܗܪܘܢ. ܕܢܗܘܘܢ ܫܡܐ ܣܪܝܐ ܒܐܚܪܝܬܗܘܢ.

12 word entries

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WX#Z>
Morphology: W-XZ(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܡܘܫܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MWC>
Morphology: MWC>/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܥܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L<M>
Morphology: L-<M=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܚܛܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DXVW
Morphology: D-XV(J[W
Occurrences: 0

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LHWN
Morphology: L-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܚܛܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>XVJ
Morphology: D-]>]XVJ[
Occurrences: 0

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >NWN
Morphology: >NWN
Occurrences: 0

ܐܗܪܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >HRWN
Morphology: >HRWN/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢܗܘܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DNHWWN
Morphology: D-!N!HW(J[WN
Occurrences: 0

ܫܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CM>
Morphology: CM/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܣܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SRJ>
Morphology: SRJ=[/~>:p
Occurrences: 0

ܒܐܚܪܝܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: B>XRJTHWN
Morphology: B->XRJ/T-HWN
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Videns ergo Moyses populum quod esset nudatus (spoliaverat enim eum Aaron propter ignominiam sordis, et inter hostes nudum constituerat),

19 word entries

videns

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: videns
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Moses

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Moses
Transliteration: Moses
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 737

populum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

esset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: esset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

nudatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nudo
Transliteration: nudatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 27

spoliaverat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: spolio
Transliteration: spoliaverat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

enim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enim
Transliteration: enim
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2392

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Aaron

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aaron
Transliteration: Aaron
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 322

propter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propter
Transliteration: propter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 688

ignominiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ignominia
Transliteration: ignominiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 51

sordis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sordes
Transliteration: sordis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

inter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inter
Transliteration: inter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 502

hostes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hostis
Transliteration: hostes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 125

nudum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nudus
Transliteration: nudum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 52

constituerat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: constituo
Transliteration: constituerat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 313

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Exodus 32

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Isaiah 47:3

Revelation 16:15

Micah 1:11

2 Chronicles 28:19

Ezekiel 16:63

Romans 6:21

Daniel 12:2

Hosea 2:3

Deuteronomy 9:20

Genesis 3:10