Esther 4

World English Bible Updated, Verse 1

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¹ Now when Mordecai found out all that was done, Mordecai tore his clothes and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the middle of the city, and wailed loudly and bitterly.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Esther 4:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 149

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָאֵ֑פֶר וַיֵּצֵא֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּמָרָֽה׃

20 word entries

וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י

Lemma: c/4782
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4782
Occurrences: 7

יָדַע֙

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

נַעֲשָׂ֔ה

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

וַיִּקְרַ֤ע

Lemma: c/7167
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7167
Occurrences: 33

מָרְדֳּכַי֙

Lemma: 4782
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4782
Occurrences: 43

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

בְּגָדָ֔יו

Lemma: 899 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H899
Occurrences: 163

וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ

Lemma: c/3847
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3847
Occurrences: 38

שַׂ֖ק

Lemma: 8242
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8242
Occurrences: 33

וָאֵ֑פֶר

Lemma: c/665
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H665
Occurrences: 7

וַיֵּצֵא֙

Lemma: c/3318
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 388

בְּת֣וֹךְ

Lemma: b/8432
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8432
Occurrences: 310

הָעִ֔יר

Lemma: d/5892 b
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5892
Occurrences: 390

וַיִּזְעַ֛ק

Lemma: c/2199
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2199
Occurrences: 46

זְעָקָ֥ה

Lemma: 2201
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2201
Occurrences: 12

גְדֹלָ֖ה

Lemma: 1419 a
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H1419
Occurrences: 341

וּמָרָֽה

Lemma: c/4751
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4751
Occurrences: 4

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܡܘܪܕܟܝ ܝܕܥ ܟܠܡܕܡ ܕܐܬܥܒܕ. ܘܨ̇ܪܝ ܡܘܪܕܟܝ ܠܒܘܫܘ̈ܗܝ. ܘܐܬܟܒܢ ܣܩܐ ܘܐܬܦܝܠ ܒܩܛܡܐ. ܘܢܦܩ ܡ̇ܝܠܠ ܒܓܘ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ. ܝܠܠܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܘܡܪܝܪܬܐ.

18 word entries

ܘܡܘܪܕܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܘܪܕܟܝ
Transliteration: wmwrdky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܝܕܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܥ
Transliteration: yd'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 215

ܟܠܡܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܡܕܡ
Transliteration: klmdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܕܐܬܥܒܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܬܥܒܕ
Transliteration: d't'bd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܘܨ̇ܪܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܨܪܝ
Transliteration: wsry
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܡܘܪܕܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܪܕܟܝ
Transliteration: mwrdky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 29

ܠܒܘܫܘ̈ܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܘܫܘܗܝ
Transliteration: lbwshwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 10

ܘܐܬܟܒܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܬܟܒܢ
Transliteration: w'tkbn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܣܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܩܐ
Transliteration: sq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 41

ܘܐܬܦܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܬܦܝܠ
Transliteration: w'tpyl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܒܩܛܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܩܛܡܐ
Transliteration: bqtm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 7

ܘܢܦܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܦܩ
Transliteration: wnpq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 119

ܡ̇ܝܠܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܝܠܠ
Transliteration: myll
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܒܓܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܓܘ
Transliteration: bgw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 100

ܡܕܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: mdynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 206

ܝܠܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܠܠܬܐ
Transliteration: yllt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 5

ܪܒܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܒܬܐ
Transliteration: rbt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 146

ܘܡܪܝܪܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܪܝܪܬܐ
Transliteration: wmryrt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּמָרְדְכַי יְדַע עַל יְדָא דְאֵלִיָהוּ כַּהֲנָא רַבָּא יַת כָּל מַה דְאִתְעַבֵּד בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא וּמַה דְאִתְחַיְבוּ עַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לִשְׁתֵּיצָאָה מִגוֹ עַלְמָא וְהֵיכְמָא דְאִתְכְּתִיב וְאִתְחַתִּים לְהוֹבָדוּתְהוֹן מִן עֲלַוֵי אַרְעָא הֵיכְדֵין אִתְכְּתִיב וְאִתְחַתִּים בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא עַל עֵיסַק דְאִתְהַנִיאוּ מִן סְעוּדְתֵיהּ דַאֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ רַשִׁיעָא בְּרַם חוֹתָמָא הֲוָה חָתִין מִן טִינָא וּשְׁדַר מָרֵי עָלְמָא יַת אֵלִיָהוּ כַּהֲנָא רַבָּא לְחַוָאָה לְמָרְדְכַי דִיקוּם וִיצַלֵי קֳדָם מָרֵי עַלְמָא עַל עַמֵיהּ וְכַד יְדַע מָרְדְכַי בְּזַע יַת לְבוּשׁוֹי וְאַלְבֵּשׁ לְבוּשָׁא דְשַׂק עַל בִּסְרֵיהּ וְשַׁוֵי קִיטְמָא עַל רֵישֵׁיהּ וּקְבֵל קַבֵלְתָּא רַבְּתָא וּבְכָא בִּמְרִירוּת נַפְשָׁא בְּקַל עָצֵב׃

85 word entries

וּמָרְדְכַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרדכי
Transliteration: wmrdky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 42

יְדַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידע
Transliteration: yd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 116

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

יְדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידא
Transliteration: yd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 152

דְאֵלִיָהוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אליהו
Transliteration: d'lyhw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 78

כַּהֲנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנא
Transliteration: khn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 129

רַבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבא
Transliteration: rb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 305

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

מַה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מה
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 417

דְאִתְעַבֵּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתעבד
Transliteration: d't'bd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

בִּשְׁמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמי
Transliteration: bshmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 126

מְרוֹמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רומא
Transliteration: mrwm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 151

וּמַה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ומה
Transliteration: wmh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 82

דְאִתְחַיְבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחיבו
Transliteration: d'tchybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

עַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: people
Occurrences: 1754

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

לִשְׁתֵּיצָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שתיצאה
Transliteration: lshtyts'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

מִגוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מגו
Transliteration: mgw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

עַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

וְהֵיכְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכמא
Transliteration: whykm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 69

דְאִתְכְּתִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתכתיב
Transliteration: d'tktyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

וְאִתְחַתִּים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחתים
Transliteration: w'tchtym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

לְהוֹבָדוּתְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הובדותהון
Transliteration: lhwbdwthwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

עֲלַוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלוי
Transliteration: 'lwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 140

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

הֵיכְדֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכדין
Transliteration: hykdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

אִתְכְּתִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתכתיב
Transliteration: 'tktyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

וְאִתְחַתִּים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחתים
Transliteration: w'tchtym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

בִּשְׁמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמי
Transliteration: bshmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 126

מְרוֹמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רומא
Transliteration: mrwm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 151

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

עֵיסַק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיסק
Transliteration: 'ysq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

דְאִתְהַנִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתהניאו
Transliteration: d'thny'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

סְעוּדְתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סעודתיה
Transliteration: s'wdtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

דַאֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחשורוש
Transliteration: d'chshwrwsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 35

רַשִׁיעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רשיעא
Transliteration: rshy''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

בְּרַם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברם
Transliteration: brm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 206

חוֹתָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חותמא
Transliteration: chwtm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

הֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: hwh
Morphology: verbal root הוה
Gloss: was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

חָתִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חתין
Transliteration: chtyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 11

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

טִינָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טינא
Transliteration: tyn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 22

וּשְׁדַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שדר
Transliteration: wshdr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 68

מָרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרי
Transliteration: mry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 88

עָלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

אֵלִיָהוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אליהו
Transliteration: 'lyhw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 78

כַּהֲנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנא
Transliteration: khn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 129

רַבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבא
Transliteration: rb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 305

לְחַוָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חואה
Transliteration: lchw'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 28

לְמָרְדְכַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרדכי
Transliteration: lmrdky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 42

דִיקוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקום
Transliteration: dyqwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 53

וִיצַלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יצלי
Transliteration: wytsly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 13

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

מָרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרי
Transliteration: mry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 88

עַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

עַמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיה
Transliteration: 'myh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 403

וְכַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וכד
Transliteration: wkd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 83

יְדַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידע
Transliteration: yd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 116

מָרְדְכַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רדכי
Transliteration: mrdky
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 55

בְּזַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזע
Transliteration: bz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

לְבוּשׁוֹי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בושוי
Transliteration: lbwshwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

וְאַלְבֵּשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלבש
Transliteration: w'lbsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

לְבוּשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בושא
Transliteration: lbwsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

דְשַׂק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דשק
Transliteration: dshq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

בִּסְרֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סריה
Transliteration: bsryh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 14

וְשַׁוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוי
Transliteration: wshwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 94

קִיטְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קיטמא
Transliteration: qytm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 5

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

רֵישֵׁיהּ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ריש
Transliteration: ryshyh
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: head, chief, beginning
Occurrences: 378

וּקְבֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבל
Transliteration: wqbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 152

קַבֵלְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבלתא
Transliteration: qblt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

רַבְּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבתא
Transliteration: rbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 70

וּבְכָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בכא
Transliteration: wbk'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

בִּמְרִירוּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרירות
Transliteration: bmryrwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

נַפְשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשא
Transliteration: npsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 45

בְּקַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בקל
Transliteration: bql
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 31

עָצֵב׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עצב
Transliteration: 'tsb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quæ cum audisset Mardochæus, scidit vestimenta sua, et indutus est sacco, spargens cinerem capiti: et in platea mediæ civitatis voce magna clamabat, ostendens amaritudinem animi sui,

26 word entries

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

audisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

Mardocheus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Mardocheus
Transliteration: Mardocheus
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 47

scidit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scindo
Transliteration: scidit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 83

vestimenta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uestimentum
Transliteration: vestimenta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 224

sua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sua
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

indutus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: induo
Transliteration: indutus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 124

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

sacco

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: saccus
Transliteration: sacco
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

spargens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: spargo
Transliteration: spargens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 16

cinerem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cinis
Transliteration: cinerem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 59

capiti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caput
Transliteration: capiti
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 501

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

platea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: platea
Transliteration: platea
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 87

mediae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: medius
Transliteration: mediae
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 558

civitatis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ciuitas
Transliteration: civitatis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1108

voce

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: voce
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

magna

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: magnus
Transliteration: magna
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1017

clamabat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: clamo
Transliteration: clamabat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 305

ostendens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ostendo
Transliteration: ostendens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 240

amaritudinem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amaritudo
Transliteration: amaritudinem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 44

animi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: animus
Transliteration: animi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 109

sui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Source availability notes

These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.

Greek LXX alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Esther 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Daniel 9:3

2 Samuel 1:11

2 Samuel 13:19

Job 42:6

Zephaniah 1:14

Acts 14:14

Micah 1:8

Matthew 11:21

Genesis 27:34

Isaiah 58:5

Esther 4:3

Isaiah 15:4