12 But when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him before the judgment seat,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Acts 18:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Γαλλίωνος δὲ ἀνθυπατεύοντος τῆς Ἀχαΐας, κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ Παύλῳ, καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα,
17 word entries
Γαλλίωνος
δὲ
ἀνθυπατεύοντος
- Lemma
- anqupateuontov
- Transliteration
- anqupateuontov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G445
- Occurrences
- 1
τῆς
Ἀχαΐας
κατεπέστησαν
- Lemma
- katepesthsan
- Transliteration
- katepesthsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2721
- Occurrences
- 1
ὁμοθυμαδὸν
- Lemma
- omoqumadon
- Transliteration
- omoqumadon
- Morphology
- Greek: adverb
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Strong's
- G3661
- Occurrences
- 12
οἱ
Ἰουδαῖοι
τῷ
Παύλῳ
καὶ
ἤγαγον
αὐτὸν
ἐπὶ
τὸ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Γαλλίωνος δὲ ἀνθυπάτου ὄντος τῆς Ἀχαΐας κατεπέστησαν ὁμοθυμαδὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα,
18 word entries
ὄντος
τῆς
κατεπέστησαν
- Lemma
- κατεφίστημι
- Morphology
- V-2AAI-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G2721
- Occurrences
- 1
ὁμοθυμαδὸν
- Lemma
- ὁμοθυμαδόν
- Morphology
- ADV
- Part of Speech
- ADV
- Strong's
- G3661
- Occurrences
- 11
οἱ
τῷ
καὶ
τὸ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܟܕ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܓܐܠܝܘܢ ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ ܕܐܟܐܝܐ ܐܬܟܢܫܘ ܐܟܚܕܐ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܥܠ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܝܡ
14 word entries
ܘܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܕ
- Transliteration
- wkd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 429
ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ytwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 97
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܓܐܠܝܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܐܠܝܘܢ
- Transliteration
- g'lywn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܦܛܘܣ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwptws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܟܐܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܟܐܝܐ
- Transliteration
- d'k'y'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܐܬܟܢܫܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܟܢܫܘ
- Transliteration
- 'tknshw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 17
ܐܟܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܚܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'khd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pwlws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 110
ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- w'ytywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 12
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 192
ܒܝܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܡ
- Transliteration
- bym
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Gallione autem proconsule Achaiæ, insurrexerunt uno animo Judæi in Paulum, et adduxerunt eum ad tribunal,
15 word entries
Gallione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gallio
- Transliteration
- Gallione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
proconsule
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proconsul
- Transliteration
- proconsule
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Achaiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Achaia
- Transliteration
- Achaiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 10
insurrexerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insurgo
- Transliteration
- insurrexerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20
uno
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- unus
- Transliteration
- uno
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 1077
animo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- animus
- Transliteration
- animo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
Iudaei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Paulum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Paulus
- Transliteration
- Paulum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 158
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
adduxerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- adduco
- Transliteration
- adduxerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 281
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
tribunal
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tribunal
- Transliteration
- tribunal
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 16
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 13:7
who was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, a man of understanding. This man summoned Barnabas and Saul, and sought to hear the word of God.
4 relevance votesActs 18:27
When he had determined to pass over into Achaia, the brothers encouraged him; and wrote to the disciples to receive him. When he had come, he greatly helped those who had believed through grace;
4 relevance votesActs 13:50
But the Jews stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, and stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their borders.
4 relevance votes1 Corinthians 16:15
Now I beg you, brothers—you know the house of Stephanas, that it is the first fruits of Achaia, and that they have set themselves to serve the saints—
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 1:1
Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, and Timothy our brother, to the assembly of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints who are in the whole of Achaia:
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:10
As the truth of Christ is in me, no one will stop me from this boasting in the regions of Achaia.
3 relevance votesRomans 15:26
For it has been the good pleasure of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints who are at Jerusalem.
3 relevance votesActs 25:10
But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be tried. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.
3 relevance votesActs 17:13
But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was proclaimed by Paul at Beroea also, they came there likewise, agitating the multitudes.
3 relevance votesMatthew 27:19
While he was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent to him, saying, “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered many things today in a dream because of him.”
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 9:2
for I know your readiness, of which I boast on your behalf to those of Macedonia, that Achaia has been prepared for the past year. Your zeal has stirred up very many of them.
3 relevance votesActs 14:19
But some Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there, and having persuaded the multitudes, they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing that he was dead.
3 relevance votes