5 David’s two wives were taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 30:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
62
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וּשְׁתֵּ֥י נְשֵֽׁי־דָוִ֖ד נִשְׁבּ֑וּ אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי׃
10 word entries
וּשְׁתֵּ֥י
נְשֵֽׁי
נִשְׁבּ֑וּ
הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית
וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל
אֵ֖שֶׁת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἀμφότεραι αἱ γυναῖκες Δαυὶδ ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν, Ἀχιναὰμ ἡ Ἰεζραηλίτις, καὶ Ἀβιγαία ἡ γυνὴ Νάβαλ τοῦ Καρμηλίου.
16 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀμφότεραι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀμφότεραι
- Transliteration
- amphoterai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
αἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γυναῖκες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γυνή
- Transliteration
- gynaikes
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative plural
- Gloss
- women, wives
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Woman or wife.
- Occurrences
- 889
Δαυὶδ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Δαυίδ
- Transliteration
- David
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- David
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- David.
- Occurrences
- 1047
ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν
- Transliteration
- chmaloteythesan
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- were ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
Ἀχιναὰμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ἀχιναὰμ
- Transliteration
- achinaam
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἀχιναὰμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἰεζραηλίτις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ἰεζραηλίτις
- Transliteration
- iezraelitis
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ἰεζραηλίτις
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ἀβιγαία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀβιγαία
- Transliteration
- abigaia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 9
ἡ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γυνὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γυνή
- Transliteration
- gyne
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- woman, wife
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Woman or wife.
- Occurrences
- 889
Νάβαλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Νάβαλ
- Transliteration
- nabal
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Νάβαλ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 21
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Καρμηλίου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- καρμηλίου
- Transliteration
- karmelioy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ ܢܫ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܕܘܝܕ ܐܫܬܒܝ ܐܚܝܢܥܡ ܕܡܢ ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ ܘܐܒܝܓܠ ܐܢܬܬܗ ܕܢܒܠ ܟܪܡܠܝܐ
11 word entries
ܘܬܪ̈ܬܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܬܪܬܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wtrtyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 38
ܢܫ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܫܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- nshwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܕܘܝܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܕܘܝܕ
- Transliteration
- ddwyd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 183
ܐܫܬܒܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܬܒܝ
- Transliteration
- 'shtby
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܐܚܝܢܥܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܚܝܢܥܡ
- Transliteration
- 'hyn'm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 417
ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܙܪܥܝܠ
- Transliteration
- 'yzr'yl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܘܐܒܝܓܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܒܝܓܠ
- Transliteration
- w'bygl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܐܢܬܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܬܗ
- Transliteration
- 'ntth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 46
ܕܢܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܒܠ
- Transliteration
- dnbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܟܪܡܠܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܪܡܠܝܐ
- Transliteration
- krmly'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְתַרְתֵּין נְשֵׁי דָוִד אִשְׁתְּבִיאָה אֲחִינוֹעַם דְמִיזְרְעֶאל וַאֲבִיגַיִל אִתַּת נָבָל דְמִכַּרְמְלָא׃
10 word entries
וְתַרְתֵּין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרתין
- Transliteration
- wtrtyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 122
נְשֵׁי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נשי
- Transliteration
- nshy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 11
דָוִד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דוד
- Transliteration
- dwd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1106
אִשְׁתְּבִיאָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשתביאה
- Transliteration
- 'shtby'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אֲחִינוֹעַם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחינועם
- Transliteration
- 'chynw'm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 6
דְמִיזְרְעֶאל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מיזרעאל
- Transliteration
- dmyzr''l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
וַאֲבִיגַיִל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אביגיל
- Transliteration
- w'bygyl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15
אִתַּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתת
- Transliteration
- 'tt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 92
נָבָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נבל
- Transliteration
- nbl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 27
דְמִכַּרְמְלָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מכרמלא
- Transliteration
- dmkrml'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Siquidem et duæ uxores David captivæ ductæ fuerant, Achinoam Jezrahelites, et Abigail uxor Nabal Carmeli.
15 word entries
siquidem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- siquidem
- Transliteration
- siquidem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 38
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
duae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- duo
- Transliteration
- duae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: numeral
- Occurrences
- 695
uxores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uxor
- Transliteration
- uxores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 505
David
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Dauid
- Transliteration
- David
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1095
captivae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- captiuus
- Transliteration
- captivae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 56
ductae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- duco
- Transliteration
- ductae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 271
fuerant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fuerant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ahinoem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ahinoi
- Transliteration
- Ahinoem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 6
Iezrahelites
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iezrahelites
- Transliteration
- Iezrahelites
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Abigail
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Abigail
- Transliteration
- Abigail
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 17
uxor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uxor
- Transliteration
- uxor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 505
Nabal
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Nabal
- Transliteration
- Nabal
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 21
Carmeli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Carmelus
- Transliteration
- Carmeli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 28
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Samuel 2:2
So David went up there with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 1:2
He had two wives. The name of one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 27:3
David lived with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal’s wife.
2 relevance votes