1 Samuel
Chapter 23
Verse 8
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1 Samuel 23

World English Bible Updated, Verse 8

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8 Saul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Keilah to besiege David and his men.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 23:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 73
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְשַׁמַּ֥ע שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה לָרֶ֣דֶת קְעִילָ֔ה לָצ֥וּר אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד וְאֶל־אֲנָשָֽׁיו׃

13 word entries
וַיְשַׁמַּ֥ע
Lemma
c/8085
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H8085
Occurrences
250
שָׁא֛וּל
Lemma
7586
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7586
Occurrences
353
אֶת
Lemma
853
Morphology
Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H853
Occurrences
8730
כָּל
Lemma
3605
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3605
Occurrences
3268
הָעָ֖ם
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H5971
Occurrences
815
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה
Lemma
l/4421
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4421
Occurrences
71
לָרֶ֣דֶת
Lemma
l/3381
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3381
Occurrences
11
קְעִילָ֔ה
Lemma
7084
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7084
Occurrences
14
לָצ֥וּר
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6696
Occurrences
1
אֶל
Lemma
413
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H413
Occurrences
5170
דָּוִ֖ד
Lemma
1732
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1732
Occurrences
847
וְאֶל
Lemma
c/413
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H413
Occurrences
345
אֲנָשָֽׁיו
Lemma
376
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H376
Occurrences
1458
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ παρήγγειλε Σαοὺλ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ καταβαίνειν εἰς πόλεμον εἰς Κεϊλὰ, συνέχειν τὸν Δαυὶδ καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας αὐτοῦ.

18 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
παρήγγειλε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
pareggeile
Morphology
verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
9
Σαοὺλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Saoul
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Saul
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Saul, biblical personal name.
Occurrences
380
παντὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πᾶς
Transliteration
pas
Morphology
adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
all, every
Part of Speech
adjective
Definition
All, every, whole.
Occurrences
6138
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
λαῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
laos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
people
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
People, nation, or community.
Occurrences
1841
καταβαίνειν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
katabainein
Morphology
present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss
to ...
Part of Speech
infinitive
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
εἰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
εἰς
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
preposition with accusative
Gloss
into, to, for
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences
6787
πόλεμον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
polemos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
war
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
War, battle, or conflict.
Occurrences
323
εἰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
εἰς
Transliteration
eis
Morphology
preposition with accusative
Gloss
into, to, for
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences
6787
Κεϊλὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
keila
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Κεϊλὰ
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
συνέχειν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
synechein
Morphology
present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss
to ...
Part of Speech
infinitive
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
τὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Δαυὶδ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
David
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
David
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
David.
Occurrences
1047
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἄνδρας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
andras
Morphology
noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss
men
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Man, male, husband.
Occurrences
1573
αὐτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܫܡܥ ܫܐܘܠ ܠܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܠܩܪܒܐ ܠܡܚܬ ܠܩܥܝܠܐ ܠܡܚܒܫ ܠܕܘܝܕ ܘܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܥܡܗ

11 word entries
ܘܐܫܡܥ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'shm'
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
6
ܫܐܘܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
sh'wl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
265
ܠܟܠܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lklh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
126
ܥܡܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܥܡܐ
Transliteration
amma
Morphology
noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss
people, nation
Occurrences
688
ܠܩܪܒܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lqrb'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
84
ܠܡܚܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lmht
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
5
ܠܩܥܝܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lq'yl'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
8
ܠܡܚܒܫ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lmhbsh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
1
ܠܕܘܝܕ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ldwyd
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
181
ܘܠܓܒܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wlgbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
6
ܕܥܡܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
d'mh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
112
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּכְנַשׁ שָׁאוּל יַת כָּל עַמָא לַאֲגָחָא קְרָבָא לְמֵיחַת לִקְעִילָה לְמֵצַר עַל דָוִד וְעַל גַבְרוֹהִי׃

14 word entries
וּכְנַשׁ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
כנש
Transliteration
wknsh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
54
שָׁאוּל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
sh'wl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
424
יַת
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ית
Transliteration
yt
Morphology
accusative/direct object marker
Gloss
direct object marker
Occurrences
4303
כָּל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
כל
Transliteration
kl
Morphology
collective noun/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
2135
עַמָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
'm'
Morphology
noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
people
Occurrences
1754
לַאֲגָחָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
l'gch'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
79
קְרָבָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qrb'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
469
לְמֵיחַת
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmycht
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
7
לִקְעִילָה
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lq'ylh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
16
לְמֵצַר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
מצר
Transliteration
lmtsr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
1
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
דָוִד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דוד
Transliteration
dwd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1106
וְעַל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ועל
Transliteration
w'l
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
516
גַבְרוֹהִי׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
gbrwhy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
50
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et præcepit Saul omni populo ut ad pugnam descenderet in Ceilam, et obsideret David et viros ejus.

17 word entries
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
praecepit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
praecepit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
538
Saul
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Saul
Transliteration
Saul
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
388
omni
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
omnis
Transliteration
omni
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5506
populo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
populus
Transliteration
populo
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2030
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
ad
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ad
Transliteration
ad
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7531
pugnam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
pugna
Transliteration
pugnam
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
46
descenderet
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
descenderet
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
385
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
Ceila
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ceila
Transliteration
Ceila
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
18
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
obsideret
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
obsideo
Transliteration
obsideret
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
51
David
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Dauid
Transliteration
David
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
1095
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
viros
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uir
Transliteration
viros
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1641
eius
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eius
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
Chapter 23 of 31 Verse 8 of 29