18 Then Jonathan said to him, “Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Samuel 20:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
53
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן מָחָ֣ר חֹ֑דֶשׁ וְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּ כִּ֥י יִפָּקֵ֖ד מוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ׃
9 word entries
וַיֹּֽאמֶר
ל֥וֹ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
מָחָ֣ר
חֹ֑דֶשׁ
וְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּ
כִּ֥י
יִפָּקֵ֖ד
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωνάθαν, αὔριον νεομηνία, καὶ ἐπισκεπήσῃ, ὅτι ἐπισκεπήσεται καθέδρα σου.
11 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
εἶπεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λέγω
- Transliteration
- eipen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it said
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To say or speak.
- Occurrences
- 5490
Ἰωνάθαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰωνάθαν
- Transliteration
- Ionathan
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Jonathan
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Jonathan.
- Occurrences
- 218
αὔριον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὔριον
- Transliteration
- aurion
- Morphology
- temporal adverb/noun, accusative used adverbially
- Gloss
- tomorrow
- Part of Speech
- adverb/noun
- Definition
- Tomorrow or the next day.
- Occurrences
- 59
νεομηνία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νεομηνία
- Transliteration
- neomenia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐπισκεπήσῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐπισκεπήσῃ
- Transliteration
- episkepese
- Morphology
- subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
ἐπισκεπήσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐπισκεπήσεται
- Transliteration
- episkepesetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καθέδρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καθέδρα
- Transliteration
- kathedra
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
σου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܝܘܢܬܢ ܡܚܪ ܪܝܫ ܝܪܚܐ ܗܘ ܘܡܬܦܩܕ ܐܢܬ ܡܛܠ ܕܡܬܦܩܕ ܡܘܬܒܟ
12 word entries
ܘܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1697
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2252
ܝܘܢܬܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܢܬܢ
- Transliteration
- ywntn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 147
ܡܚܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܪ
- Transliteration
- mhr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܪܝܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܝܫ
- Transliteration
- rysh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 81
ܝܪܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܪܚܐ
- Transliteration
- yrh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 50
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 2003
ܘܡܬܦܩܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܬܦܩܕ
- Transliteration
- wmtpqd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 901
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܡܬܦܩܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܬܦܩܕ
- Transliteration
- dmtpqd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܘܬܒܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܘܬܒܟ
- Transliteration
- mwtbk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ יְהוֹנָתָן מְחַר יַרְחָא וְתִתְבְּעֵי אֲרֵי יְהֵי מַרְוַח בֵּית אַסְחָרוּתָךְ׃
11 word entries
וַאֲמַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אמר
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
- Gloss
- and said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 3728
לֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ליה
- Transliteration
- lyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1154
יְהוֹנָתָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהונתן
- Transliteration
- yhwntn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 83
מְחַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מחר
- Transliteration
- mchr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 33
יַרְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ירחא
- Transliteration
- yrch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 115
וְתִתְבְּעֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תתבעי
- Transliteration
- wttb'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
יְהֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהי
- Transliteration
- yhy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 508
מַרְוַח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רוח
- Transliteration
- mrwch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 249
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
אַסְחָרוּתָךְ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אסחרותך
- Transliteration
- 'schrwtk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Dixitque ad eum Jonathas: Cras calendæ sunt, et requireris:
10 word entries
dixitque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixitque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
{dixitque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {dixitque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ionathan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ionatha
- Transliteration
- Ionathan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 121
cras
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cras
- Transliteration
- cras
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 56
kalendae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- kalendae
- Transliteration
- kalendae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 18
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
requireris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- requiro
- Transliteration
- requireris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 78
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Samuel 20:25
The king sat on his seat, as at other times, even on the seat by the wall; and Jonathan stood up, and Abner sat by Saul’s side, but David’s place was empty.
4 relevance votes1 Samuel 20:5
David said to Jonathan, “Behold, tomorrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to dine with the king; but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field to the third day at evening.
4 relevance votes