1 Chronicles 19

World English Bible Updated, Verse 14

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¹⁴ So Joab and the people who were with him came near to the front of the Syrians to the battle; and they fled before him.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Chronicles 19:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ יוֹאָ֜ב וְהָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֛וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י אֲרָ֖ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיָּנ֖וּסוּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

10 word entries

וַיִּגַּ֨שׁ

Lemma: c/5066
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5066
Occurrences: 58

יוֹאָ֜ב

Lemma: 3097
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3097
Occurrences: 123

וְהָעָ֧ם

Lemma: c/d/5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 43

אֲשֶׁר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

עִמּ֛וֹ

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

לִפְנֵ֥י

Lemma: l/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 1012

אֲרָ֖ם

Lemma: 758
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H758
Occurrences: 110

לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה

Lemma: l/4421
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4421
Occurrences: 71

וַיָּנ֖וּסוּ

Lemma: c/5127
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5127
Occurrences: 75

מִפָּנָֽיו

Lemma: m/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 296

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ παρετάξατο Ἰωὰβ καὶ ὁ λαὸς ὁ μετʼ αὐτοῦ κατέναντι Σύρων εἰς πόλεμον, καὶ ἔφυγον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

παρετάξατο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρετάξατο
Transliteration: paretaxato
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

Ἰωὰβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰωάβ
Transliteration: Ioab
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Joab
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Joab.
Occurrences: 156

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μετʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: met
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

κατέναντι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κατέναντι
Transliteration: katenanti
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: opposite, before
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Opposite, over against, or before.
Occurrences: 75

Σύρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σύρων
Transliteration: syron
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

πόλεμον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλεμος
Transliteration: polemos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: war
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: War, battle, or conflict.
Occurrences: 323

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔφυγον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φεύγω
Transliteration: ephygon
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
Gloss: they fled; I fled
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To flee, escape, or avoid.
Occurrences: 58

ἀπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: ap
Morphology: preposition with genitive, elided form
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܩܪܒ ܝܘܐܒ ܘܥܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܥܡܗ ܠܡܬܟܬܫܘ ܥܡ ܐܕܘܡ̈ܝܐ ܘܥܪܩܘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ

11 word entries

ܘܩܪܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܩܪܒ
Transliteration: wqrb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 45

ܝܘܐܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܐܒ
Transliteration: yw'b
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 83

ܘܥܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܡܐ
Transliteration: w'm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 55

ܕܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܝܬ
Transliteration: d'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 277

ܥܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܗ
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 328

ܠܡܬܟܬܫܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܬܟܬܫܘ
Transliteration: lmtktshw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 33

ܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡ
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 697

ܐܕܘܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܕܘܡܝܐ
Transliteration: 'dwmy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 35

ܘܥܪܩܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܪܩܘ
Transliteration: w'rqw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 47

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܩܕܡܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡܘܗܝ
Transliteration: qdmwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 171

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּקְרֵיב יוֹאָב וְעַמָא דִי עִמֵיהּ קֳדָם אֲרַם לִקְרָבָא וַאֲפָכוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי׃

11 word entries

וּקְרֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קריב
Transliteration: wqryb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 94

יוֹאָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יואב
Transliteration: yw'b
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 144

וְעַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: w'm'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: and people
Occurrences: 1754

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

עִמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיה
Transliteration: 'myh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 403

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

אֲרַם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארם
Transliteration: 'rm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 132

לִקְרָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרבא
Transliteration: lqrb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 469

וַאֲפָכוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפכו
Transliteration: w'pkw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 25

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

קֳדָמוֹהִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמוהי
Transliteration: qdmwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 214

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Perrexit ergo Joab et populus qui cum eo erat, contra Syrum ad prælium: et fugavit eos.

16 word entries

perrexit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pergo
Transliteration: perrexit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 163

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Ioab

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ioab
Transliteration: Ioab
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 39

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

populus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

contra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contra
Transliteration: contra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 895

Syrum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Syrus
Transliteration: Syrum
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 15

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

proelium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: proelium
Transliteration: proelium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 159

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

fugavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fugo
Transliteration: fugavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 24

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

1 Kings 20:13

Behold, a prophet came near to Ahab king of Israel, and said, “The LORD says, ‘Have you seen all this great multitude? Behold, I will deliver it into your hand today. Then you will know that I am the LORD.’”

2 relevance votes

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