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World English Bible, Catholic Edition

Proverbs 28

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 23

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²³ One who rebukes a man will afterward find more favor than one who flatters with the tongue.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 28:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 52

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מ֘וֹכִ֤יחַ אָדָ֣ם אַ֭חֲרַי חֵ֣ן יִמְצָ֑א מִֽמַּחֲלִ֥יק לָשֽׁוֹן׃

7 word entries

מ֘וֹכִ֤יחַ

Lemma: 3198
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3198
Occurrences: 34

אָדָ֣ם

Lemma: 120
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H120
Occurrences: 338

אַ֭חֲרַי

Lemma: 310 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H310
Occurrences: 1

חֵ֣ן

Lemma: 2580
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2580
Occurrences: 67

יִמְצָ֑א

Lemma: 4672
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4672
Occurrences: 305

מִֽמַּחֲלִ֥יק

Lemma: m/2505 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2505
Occurrences: 1

לָשֽׁוֹן

Lemma: 3956
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 72

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ ἐλέγχων ἀνθρώπου ὁδοὺς, χάριτας ἕξει μᾶλλον τοῦ γλωσσοχαριτοῦντος.

9 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐλέγχων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐλέγχων
Transliteration: elegchon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

ἀνθρώπου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Transliteration: anthropos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: human, man
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Human being, person, man.
Occurrences: 1305

ὁδοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁδός
Transliteration: hodous
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural
Gloss: ways, roads
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Way, road, path, journey, or manner of life.
Occurrences: 701

χάριτας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χάριτας
Transliteration: charitas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἕξει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἕξει
Transliteration: exei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

μᾶλλον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μᾶλλον
Transliteration: mallon
Morphology: comparative adverb
Gloss: more, rather
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: More, rather, to a greater degree.
Occurrences: 40

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γλωσσοχαριτοῦντος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: γλωσσοχαριτοῦντος
Transliteration: glossocharitoyntos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܡܟܣ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܪ̈ܚܡܐ ܡܫܟܚ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܗ̇ܘ ܕܡܦܠܓ ܒܠܫܢܗ

9 word entries

ܕܡܟܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܟܣ
Transliteration: dmks
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 5

ܠܒܪܢܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܪܢܫܐ
Transliteration: lbrnsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 27

ܪ̈ܚܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܐ
Transliteration: rhm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 92

ܡܫܟܚ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܫܟܚ
Transliteration: mshkh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 130

ܛܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܒ
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 279

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܗ̇ܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܕܡܦܠܓ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܦܠܓ
Transliteration: dmplg
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܒܠܫܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܫܢܗ
Transliteration: blshnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 4

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

דְמַכַס לְבַר נָשָׁא קֳדָמוֹי חֶסְדָא נִשְׁכַּח טָב מִן הוּא דְמַפְלֵיג בְּלִישָׁן׃

11 word entries

דְמַכַס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מכס
Transliteration: dmks
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

לְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבר
Transliteration: lbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

נָשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשא
Transliteration: nsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 118

קֳדָמוֹי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמוי
Transliteration: qdmwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 107

חֶסְדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חסדא
Transliteration: chsd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 49

נִשְׁכַּח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשכח
Transliteration: nshkch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

טָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טב
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

דְמַפְלֵיג

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מפליג
Transliteration: dmplyg
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

בְּלִישָׁן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לישן
Transliteration: blyshn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui corripit hominem gratiam postea inveniet apud eum, magis quam ille qui per linguæ blandimenta decipit.

16 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

corripit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: corripio
Transliteration: corripit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 52

hominem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: hominem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

gratiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gratia
Transliteration: gratiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 364

postea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: postea
Transliteration: postea
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 68

inveniet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inuenio
Transliteration: inveniet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 682

apud

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: apud
Transliteration: apud
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 300

eum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

magis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: magis
Transliteration: magis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 190

quam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quam
Transliteration: quam
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 426

ille

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: ille
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

linguae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lingua
Transliteration: linguae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

blandimenta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: blandimentum
Transliteration: blandimenta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2

decipit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: decipio
Transliteration: decipit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 75

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ranked cross references

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Psalms 141:5

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2 Samuel 12:7

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