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World English Bible, Catholic Edition

Lamentations 3

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 28

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²⁸ Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 3:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃

6 word entries

יֵשֵׁ֤ב

Lemma: 3427
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 600

בָּדָד֙

Lemma: 910
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H910
Occurrences: 7

וְיִדֹּ֔ם

Lemma: c/1826 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal jussive 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1826
Occurrences: 10

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

נָטַ֖ל

Lemma: 5190
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5190
Occurrences: 3

עָלָֽיו

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καθήσεται κατὰ μόνας, καὶ σιωπήσεται, ὅτι ᾖρεν ἐφʼ ἑαυτῷ.

9 word entries

καθήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καθήσεται
Transliteration: kathesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

κατὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κατά
Transliteration: kata
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: according to, against, down
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
Occurrences: 1973

μόνας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μόνας
Transliteration: monas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

σιωπήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σιωπήσεται
Transliteration: siopesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ᾖρεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ᾖρεν
Transliteration: ren
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἐφʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: eph
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ἑαυτῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܢܬ̇ܒ ܒܠܚܘܕܘܗܝ ܘܢܫܬܘܩ̣. ܡܛܠ ܕܩ̇ܒܠ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܢܝܪܟ.

7 word entries

ܢܬ̇ܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܒ
Transliteration: ntb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 20

ܒܠܚܘܕܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܚܘܕܘܗܝ
Transliteration: blhwdwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 34

ܘܢܫܬܘܩ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܫܬܘܩ
Transliteration: wnshtwq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܩ̇ܒܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܩܒܠ
Transliteration: dqbl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܥܠܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܘܗܝ
Transliteration: 'lwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 372

ܢܝܪܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܝܪܟ
Transliteration: nyrk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

יְתִיב בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי וְיִשְׁתּוֹק וְיִסְבּוֹל יְסוּרִין דְאָתִין עֲלוֹהִי בְּגִין יִחוּדָא דִשְׁמָא דַייָ דְמִשְׁתַּלְחִין לְאִתְפְּרַע מִינֵיהּ עַל חוֹבָא קַלִּילָא דְחַב בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין עַד כַּד יָחוּס עֲלוֹהִי וְיִטְלִינוּן מִנֵּיהּ וִיקַבֵּל אַפֵּי שְׁלִים לְעַלְמָא דְאָתֵי׃

31 word entries

יְתִיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיב
Transliteration: ytyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 232

בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לחודוהי
Transliteration: blchwdwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 27

וְיִשְׁתּוֹק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישתוק
Transliteration: wyshtwq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

וְיִסְבּוֹל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יסבול
Transliteration: wysbwl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

יְסוּרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יסורין
Transliteration: yswryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

דְאָתִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתין
Transliteration: d'tyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 38

עֲלוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלוהי
Transliteration: 'lwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 264

בְּגִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גין
Transliteration: bgyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 102

יִחוּדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יחודא
Transliteration: ychwd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דִשְׁמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמא
Transliteration: dshm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 147

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

דְמִשְׁתַּלְחִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משתלחין
Transliteration: dmshtlchyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְאִתְפְּרַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתפרע
Transliteration: l'tpr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 62

מִינֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יניה
Transliteration: mynyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 24

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

חוֹבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חובא
Transliteration: chwb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 47

קַלִּילָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלילא
Transliteration: qlyl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

דְחַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דחב
Transliteration: dchb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

בְּעַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: b'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

הָדֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הדין
Transliteration: hdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 604

עַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עד
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 885

כַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כד
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 581

יָחוּס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יחוס
Transliteration: ychws
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 20

עֲלוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלוהי
Transliteration: 'lwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 264

וְיִטְלִינוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יטלינון
Transliteration: wytlynwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

מִנֵּיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניה
Transliteration: mnyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 178

וִיקַבֵּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקבל
Transliteration: wyqbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 27

אַפֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפי
Transliteration: 'py
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 212

שְׁלִים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלים
Transliteration: shlym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 80

לְעַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: l'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

דְאָתֵי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתי
Transliteration: d'ty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 138

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Jod Sedebit solitarius, et tacebit, quia levavit super se.

9 word entries

IOTH

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ioc
Transliteration: IOTH
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 6

sedebit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sedeo
Transliteration: sedebit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 422

solitarius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: solitarius
Transliteration: solitarius
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 5

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

tacebit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: taceo
Transliteration: tacebit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 89

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

levavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: leuo
Transliteration: levavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 168

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sui
Transliteration: se
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1317

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Lamentations 3

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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