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World English Bible, Catholic Edition

Isaiah 1

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 12

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¹² When you come to appear before me, who has required this at your hand, to trample my courts?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 1:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵרָא֖וֹת פָּנָ֑י מִי־בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽי׃

10 word entries

כִּ֣י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

תָבֹ֔אוּ

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

לֵרָא֖וֹת

Lemma: l/7200
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb niphal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 73

פָּנָ֑י

Lemma: 6440
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 630

מִי

Lemma: 4310
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4310
Occurrences: 333

בִקֵּ֥שׁ

Lemma: 1245
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1245
Occurrences: 141

זֹ֛את

Lemma: 2063
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H2063
Occurrences: 251

מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם

Lemma: m/3027
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 193

רְמֹ֥ס

Lemma: 7429
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7429
Occurrences: 8

חֲצֵרָֽי

Lemma: 2691 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2691
Occurrences: 21

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

οὐδʼ ἂν ἔρχησθε ὀφθῆναί μοι· τίς γὰρ ἐξεζήτησε ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν ὑμῶν; πατεῖν τὴν αὐλήν μου οὐ προσθήσεθε.

19 word entries

οὐδʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐδέ
Transliteration: oud
Morphology: negative conjunction/particle, elided form
Gloss: and not, neither, nor
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Elided form of negative coordinating conjunction/particle οὐδέ.
Occurrences: 530

ἂν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄν
Transliteration: an
Morphology: modal particle
Gloss: would, might
Part of Speech: modal particle
Definition: Modal particle marking contingency or potentiality.
Occurrences: 633

ἔρχησθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἔρχησθε
Transliteration: erchesthe
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὀφθῆναί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὀφθῆναί
Transliteration: ophthenai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

τίς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

ἐξεζήτησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξεζήτησε
Transliteration: exezetese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ταῦτα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

χειρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: χείρ
Transliteration: cheir
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: hand
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Hand or power.
Occurrences: 1718

ὑμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

πατεῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πατεῖν
Transliteration: patein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

αὐλήν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αὐλήν
Transliteration: aylen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

προσθήσεθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: προσθήσεθε
Transliteration: prosthesethe
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܟܕ ܬܐܬܘܢ ܠܡܚܙܐ ܐ̈ܦܝ ܡܢܘ ܒܥܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܢ ܐ̈ܝܕܝܟܘܢ ܠܡܕܫ ܕܪ̈ܝ

11 word entries

ܟܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܕ
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 881

ܬܐܬܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܐܬܘܢ
Transliteration: t'twn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 2

ܠܡܚܙܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܚܙܐ
Transliteration: lmhz'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 25

ܐ̈ܦܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܝ
Transliteration: 'py
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 143

ܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܘ
Transliteration: mnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 227

ܒܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܥܐ
Transliteration: b''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 48

ܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܠܝܢ
Transliteration: hlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 840

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܐ̈ܝܕܝܟܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܕܝܟܘܢ
Transliteration: 'ydykwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 18

ܠܡܕܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܕܫ
Transliteration: lmdsh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܕܪ̈ܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܝ
Transliteration: dry
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

כַּד אַתּוּן אָתָן לְאִתְחֲזָאָה קֳדָמַי מַן תְּבַע דָא מִיֶדְכוֹן לְמֵיתֵי וּלְאִתְדָשָׁא עֲזָרָתִי׃

12 word entries

כַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כד
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 581

אַתּוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתון
Transliteration: 'twn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 317

אָתָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתן
Transliteration: 'tn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 235

לְאִתְחֲזָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחזאה
Transliteration: l'tchz'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

קֳדָמַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדמי
Transliteration: qdmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 443

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

תְּבַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבע
Transliteration: tb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 34

דָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דא
Transliteration: d'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 192

מִיֶדְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידכון
Transliteration: mydkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 23

לְמֵיתֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיתי
Transliteration: lmyty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 91

וּלְאִתְדָשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לאתדשא
Transliteration: wl'tdsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

עֲזָרָתִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עזרתי
Transliteration: 'zrty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Cum veniretis ante conspectum meum, quis quæsivit hæc de manibus vestris, ut ambularetis in atriis meis?

16 word entries

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

veneritis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenio
Transliteration: veneritis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2233

ante

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ante
Transliteration: ante
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 594

conspectum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conspectus
Transliteration: conspectum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 413

meum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

quis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

quaesivit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quaero
Transliteration: quaesivit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 420

haec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: haec
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

manibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

vestris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uester
Transliteration: vestris
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1504

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

ambularetis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ambulo
Transliteration: ambularetis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 412

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

atriis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: atrium
Transliteration: atriis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 133

meis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Exodus 34:23

Psalms 40:6

Micah 6:8

Ecclesiastes 5:1

Exodus 23:17

Matthew 23:5

Deuteronomy 16:16