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World English Bible, Catholic Edition

Genesis 18

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 16

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¹⁶ The men rose up from there, and looked toward Sodom. Abraham went with them to see them on their way.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 18:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ מִשָּׁם֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הֹלֵ֥ךְ עִמָּ֖ם לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃

11 word entries

וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ

Lemma: c/6965 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6965
Occurrences: 265

מִשָּׁם֙

Lemma: m/8033
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adverb
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8033
Occurrences: 108

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים

Lemma: d/376
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 288

וַיַּשְׁקִ֖פוּ

Lemma: c/8259
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8259
Occurrences: 8

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

פְּנֵ֣י

Lemma: 6440
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 630

סְדֹ֑ם

Lemma: 5467
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5467
Occurrences: 33

וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם

Lemma: c/85
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H85
Occurrences: 8

הֹלֵ֥ךְ

Lemma: 1980
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1980
Occurrences: 372

עִמָּ֖ם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

לְשַׁלְּחָֽם

Lemma: l/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 32

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐξαναστάντες δὲ ἐκεῖθεν οἱ ἄνδρες κατέβλεψαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόῤῥας. Ἁβραὰμ δὲ συνεπορεύετο μετʼ αὐτῶν, συμπροπέμπων αὐτούς.

18 word entries

Ἐξαναστάντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξαναστάντες
Transliteration: exanastantes
Morphology: nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἐκεῖθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκεῖθεν
Transliteration: ekeithen
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: from there
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: From there, thence.
Occurrences: 135

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄνδρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andres
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

κατέβλεψαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατέβλεψαν
Transliteration: kateblepsan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

πρόσωπον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόσωπον
Transliteration: prosopon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: face, presence
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Face, presence, person, or front.
Occurrences: 1170

Σοδόμων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σοδόμων
Transliteration: sodomon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Γομόῤῥας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γομόῤῥας
Transliteration: gomoas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

Ἁβραὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀβραάμ
Transliteration: Abraam
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Abraham
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Abraham.
Occurrences: 153

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

συνεπορεύετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συνεπορεύετο
Transliteration: syneporeyeto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μετʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: met
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

συμπροπέμπων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: συμπροπέμπων
Transliteration: sympropempon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτούς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וְקָמוּ מִתַּמָּן גֻּבְרַיָּא וְאִסְתְּכִיאוּ עַל אַפֵּי סְדוֹם וְאַבְרָהָם אָזַל עִמְּהוֹן לְאַלְווֹאֵיהוֹן

11 word entries

וְקָמוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קמו
Transliteration: wqmw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 15

מִתַּמָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמן
Transliteration: mtmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 254

גֻּבְרַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבריא
Transliteration: gbry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 70

וְאִסְתְּכִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתכיאו
Transliteration: w'stky'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 1104

אַפֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפי
Transliteration: 'py
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 88

סְדוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סדום
Transliteration: sdwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 22

וְאַבְרָהָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אברהם
Transliteration: w'brhm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 152

אָזַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אזל
Transliteration: 'zl
Morphology: verbal root אזל
Gloss: went, departed
Occurrences: 62

עִמְּהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמהון
Transliteration: 'mhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 43

לְאַלְווֹאֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלוואיהון
Transliteration: l'lww'yhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܩܡܘ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ. ܘܚܪܘ ܠܐ̈ܦܝ ܣܕܘܡ. ܘܐܒܪܗܡ ܐܙ̣ܠ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܕܢܠܘܐ ܐܢܘܢ.

12 word entries

ܘܩܡܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WQMW
Morphology: W-Q(WM[W
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MN
Morphology: MN
Occurrences: 0

ܬܡܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TMN
Morphology: TMN
Occurrences: 0

ܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: GBR">
Morphology: GBR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܚܪܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WXRW
Morphology: W-X(WR[W
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ̈ܦܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>"PJ
Morphology: L->(NP/J
Occurrences: 0

ܣܕܘܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SDWM
Morphology: SDWM/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܒܪܗܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>BRHM
Morphology: W->BRHM/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܙ̣ܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >Z#L
Morphology: >ZL[
Occurrences: 0

ܥܡܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <MHWN
Morphology: <M-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܕܢܠܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DNLW>
Morphology: D-!N!LW(J&>==[:d
Occurrences: 0

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >NWN
Morphology: >NWN
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Cum ergo surrexissent inde viri, direxerunt oculos contra Sodomam: et Abraham simul gradiebatur, deducens eos.

16 word entries

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

surrexissent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: surgo
Transliteration: surrexissent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 421

inde

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inde
Transliteration: inde
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 181

viri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

direxerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dirigo
Transliteration: direxerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 101

oculos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: oculus
Transliteration: oculos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 682

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

contra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contra
Transliteration: contra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 895

Sodomam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sodoma
Transliteration: Sodomam
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 44

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Abraham

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Abraham
Transliteration: Abraham
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 214

simul

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: simul
Transliteration: simul
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 224

gradiebatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gradior
Transliteration: gradiebatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 49

deducens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deduco
Transliteration: deducens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 101

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 18

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Ranked cross references

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