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World English Bible, Catholic Edition

Genesis 10

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 22

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²² The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 10:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וַֽאֲרָֽם׃

7 word entries

בְּנֵ֥י

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

שֵׁ֖ם

Lemma: 8035
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8035
Occurrences: 15

עֵילָ֣ם

Lemma: 5867 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5867
Occurrences: 14

וְאַשּׁ֑וּר

Lemma: c/804
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H804
Occurrences: 4

וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד

Lemma: c/775
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H775
Occurrences: 5

וְל֥וּד

Lemma: c/3865
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3865
Occurrences: 5

וַֽאֲרָֽם

Lemma: c/758
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H758
Occurrences: 9

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Υἱοὶ Σὴμ, Ἐλὰμ, καὶ Ἀσσοὺρ, καὶ Ἀρφαξὰδ, καὶ Λοὺδ, καὶ Ἀρὰμ, καὶ Καϊνᾶν.

13 word entries

Υἱοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Σὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Σὴμ
Transliteration: sem
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Σὴμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

Ἐλὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐλὰμ
Transliteration: elam
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐλὰμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἀσσοὺρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀσσούρ
Transliteration: Assour
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Asshur, Assyria
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Asshur/Assyria, people or place name.
Occurrences: 53

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἀρφαξὰδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀρφαξὰδ
Transliteration: arphaxad
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀρφαξὰδ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Λοὺδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Λοὺδ
Transliteration: loyd
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Λοὺδ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Ἀρὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀρὰμ
Transliteration: aram
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀρὰμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Καϊνᾶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Καϊνᾶν
Transliteration: kainan
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Καϊνᾶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

בְּנֵי שֵׁם עֵילָם וְאַשּׁוּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁד וְלוּד וַאֲרָם

7 word entries

בְּנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: bny
Morphology: noun plural construct
Gloss: sons, children of
Occurrences: 1211

שֵׁם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שם
Transliteration: shm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

עֵילָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עילם
Transliteration: 'ylm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

וְאַשּׁוּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשור
Transliteration: w'shwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארפכשד
Transliteration: w'rpkshd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

וְלוּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לוד
Transliteration: wlwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

וַאֲרָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארם
Transliteration: w'rm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 21

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܢ̈ܝ ܫܝܡ. ܥܝܠܡ̣ ܘܐܫܘܪ ܘܐܪܦܟܫܪ . ܘܠܘܕ ܘܐܪܡ.

7 word entries

ܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BN"J
Morphology: BN/J
Occurrences: 0

ܫܝܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CJM
Morphology: CJM/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܝܠܡ̣

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <JLM#
Morphology: <JLM/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܫܘܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>CWR
Morphology: W->CWR/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܪܦܟܫܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>RPKCR
Morphology: W->RPKCR/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܠܘܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WLWD
Morphology: W-LWD/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܪܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>RM
Morphology: W->RM/
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Filii Sem: Ælam, et Assur, et Arphaxad, et Lud, et Aram.

11 word entries

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

Sem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sem
Transliteration: Sem
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 14

Aelam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aela
Transliteration: Aelam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 13

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Assur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Assur
Transliteration: Assur
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 12

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Arfaxad

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Arfaxada
Transliteration: Arfaxad
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Lud

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lud
Transliteration: Lud
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Aram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ara
Transliteration: Aram
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 61

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Isaiah 66:19

“I will set a sign among them, and I will send those who escape of them to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to far-away islands, who have not heard my fame, nor have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations.

4 relevance votes

2 Kings 15:19

Pul the king of Assyria came against the land, and Menahem gave Pul one thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand.

2 relevance votes

Genesis 9:26

He said, “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant.

2 relevance votes

Acts 2:9

Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia,

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 21:2

A grievous vision is declared to me. The treacherous man deals treacherously, and the destroyer destroys. Go up, Elam; attack! I have stopped all of Media’s sighing.

2 relevance votes

Jeremiah 25:25

and all the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes;

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 11:11

It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

2 relevance votes

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Genesis 10

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Ranked cross references

Isaiah 66:19

2 Kings 15:19

Genesis 9:26

Acts 2:9

Isaiah 21:2

Jeremiah 25:25

Isaiah 11:11

Numbers 23:7

Job 1:17

Isaiah 22:6