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Tyndale New Testament

John 18

Tyndale New Testament, Verse 28

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²⁸ Peter denyed it agayne: and immediatly the cocke crewe.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to John 18:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 96

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Textus Receptus Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: New Testament

Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.

Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον· ἦν δὲ πρωΐα, καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα φάγωσι τὸ Πάσχα.

28 word entries

Ἄγουσιν

Lemma: agousin
Transliteration: agousin
Morphology: Greek: verb present active indicative plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G71
Occurrences: 3

οὖν

Lemma: oun
Transliteration: oun
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G3767
Occurrences: 529

τὸν

Lemma: ton
Transliteration: ton
Morphology: Greek: article accusative singular masculine
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 1623

Ἰησοῦν

Lemma: ihsoun
Transliteration: ihsoun
Morphology: Greek: noun accusative singular masculine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G2424
Occurrences: 134

ἀπὸ

Lemma: apo
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: Greek: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: G575
Occurrences: 503

τοῦ

Lemma: tou
Transliteration: tou
Morphology: Greek: article genitive singular masculine
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 2611

Καϊάφα

Lemma: kaiafa
Transliteration: kaiafa
Morphology: Greek: noun genitive singular masculine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G2533
Occurrences: 4

εἰς

Lemma: eiv
Transliteration: eiv
Morphology: Greek: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: G1519
Occurrences: 1876

τὸ

Lemma: to
Transliteration: to
Morphology: Greek: article accusative singular neuter
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 1725

πραιτώριον

Lemma: praitwrion
Transliteration: praitwrion
Morphology: Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G4232
Occurrences: 6

ἦν

Lemma: hn
Transliteration: hn
Morphology: Greek: verb imperfect active indicative singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 421

δὲ

Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G1161
Occurrences: 2860

πρωΐα

Lemma: prwia
Transliteration: prwia
Morphology: Greek: noun nominative singular feminine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G4405
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Lemma: kai
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 9284

αὐτοὶ

Lemma: autoi
Transliteration: autoi
Morphology: Greek: personal pronoun nominative plural masculine
Part of Speech: personal pronoun
Strong's: G846
Occurrences: 81

οὐκ

Lemma: ouk
Transliteration: ouk
Morphology: Greek: particle nominative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: G3756
Occurrences: 840

εἰσῆλθον

Lemma: eishlqon
Transliteration: eishlqon
Morphology: Greek: verb second aorist active indicative plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G1525
Occurrences: 13

εἰς

Lemma: eiv
Transliteration: eiv
Morphology: Greek: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: G1519
Occurrences: 1876

τὸ

Lemma: to
Transliteration: to
Morphology: Greek: article accusative singular neuter
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 1725

πραιτώριον

Lemma: praitwrion
Transliteration: praitwrion
Morphology: Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G4232
Occurrences: 6

ἵνα

Lemma: ina
Transliteration: ina
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G2443
Occurrences: 671

μὴ

Lemma: mh
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: Greek: particle nominative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1034

μιανθῶσιν

Lemma: mianqwsin
Transliteration: mianqwsin
Morphology: Greek: verb aorist passive subjunctive plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G3392
Occurrences: 2

ἀλλ᾿

Lemma: all
Transliteration: all
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G235
Occurrences: 316

ἵνα

Lemma: ina
Transliteration: ina
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G2443
Occurrences: 671

φάγωσι

Lemma: fagwsin
Transliteration: fagwsin
Morphology: Greek: verb second aorist active subjunctive plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G5315
Occurrences: 6

τὸ

Lemma: to
Transliteration: to
Morphology: Greek: article accusative singular neuter
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 1725

Πάσχα

Lemma: pasca
Transliteration: pasca
Morphology: Greek: Aramaic word
Part of Speech: Aramaic word
Strong's: G3957
Occurrences: 29

Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel

Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.

Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον· ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν ἀλλὰ φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.

27 word entries

Ἄγουσιν

Lemma: ἄγω
Morphology: V-PAI-3P
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G0071
Occurrences: 69

οὖν

Lemma: οὖν
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: CONJ
Strong's: G3767
Occurrences: 489

τὸν

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-ASM
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

Ἰησοῦν

Lemma: Ἰησοῦς
Morphology: N-ASM
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G2424
Occurrences: 905

ἀπὸ

Lemma: ἀπό
Morphology: PREP
Part of Speech: PREP
Strong's: G0575
Occurrences: 638

τοῦ

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-GSM
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

Καϊάφα

Lemma: Καϊάφας
Morphology: N-GSM
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G2533
Occurrences: 9

εἰς

Lemma: εἰς
Morphology: PREP
Part of Speech: PREP
Strong's: G1519
Occurrences: 1764

τὸ

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-ASN
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

πραιτώριον·

Lemma: πραιτώριον
Morphology: N-ASN
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G4232
Occurrences: 8

ἦν

Lemma: εἰμί
Morphology: V-IAI-3S
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 2459

δὲ

Lemma: δέ
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: CONJ
Strong's: G1161
Occurrences: 2771

πρωΐ·

Lemma: πρωΐ
Morphology: ADV
Part of Speech: ADV
Strong's: G4404
Occurrences: 12

καὶ

Lemma: καί
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 8969

αὐτοὶ

Lemma: αὐτός
Morphology: P-NPM
Part of Speech: P
Strong's: G0846
Occurrences: 5556

οὐκ

Lemma: οὐ
Morphology: PRT-N
Part of Speech: PRT
Strong's: G3756
Occurrences: 1626

εἰσῆλθον

Lemma: εἰσέρχομαι
Morphology: V-2AAI-3P
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G1525
Occurrences: 195

εἰς

Lemma: εἰς
Morphology: PREP
Part of Speech: PREP
Strong's: G1519
Occurrences: 1764

τὸ

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-ASN
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

πραιτώριον,

Lemma: πραιτώριον
Morphology: N-ASN
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G4232
Occurrences: 8

ἵνα

Lemma: ἵνα
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: CONJ
Strong's: G2443
Occurrences: 664

μὴ

Lemma: μή
Morphology: PRT-N
Part of Speech: PRT
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1033

μιανθῶσιν

Lemma: μιαίνω
Morphology: V-APS-3P
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G3392
Occurrences: 5

ἀλλὰ

Lemma: ἀλλά
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: CONJ
Strong's: G0235
Occurrences: 636

φάγωσιν

Lemma: φάγω
Morphology: V-2AAS-3P
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G5315
Occurrences: 93

τὸ

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-ASN
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

πάσχα.

Lemma: πάσχα
Morphology: ARAM
Part of Speech: ARAM
Strong's: G3957
Occurrences: 29

Syriac Peshitta New Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: New Testament

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ ܕܝܢ ܠܝܫܘܥ ܡܢ ܠܘܬ ܩܝܦܐ ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܨܦܪܐ ܘܗܢܘܢ ܠܐ ܥܠܘ ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ ܥܕ ܐܟܠܝܢ ܦܨܚܐ

19 word entries

ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܬܝܘܗܝ
Transliteration: 'ytywhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢ
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1830

ܠܝܫܘܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܝܫܘܥ
Transliteration: lyshw'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 75

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2166

ܠܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬ
Transliteration: lwt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 245

ܩܝܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܝܦܐ
Transliteration: qyp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 7

ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
Transliteration: lprtwryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 5

ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܬܘܗܝ
Transliteration: w'ytwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 15

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1535

ܨܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܦܪܐ
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 12

ܘܗܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܗܢܘܢ
Transliteration: whnwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 55

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1681

ܥܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܘ
Transliteration: 'lw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܦܪܛܘܪܝܢ
Transliteration: lprtwryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 5

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 720

ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܛܘܫܘܢ
Transliteration: nttwshwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܥܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܕ
Transliteration: 'd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 22

ܐܟܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܟܠܝܢ
Transliteration: 'klyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 14

ܦܨܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܨܚܐ
Transliteration: psh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 21

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Adducunt ergo Jesum a Caipha in prætorium. Erat autem mane: et ipsi non introierunt in prætorium, ut non contaminarentur, sed ut manducarent Pascha.

22 word entries

adducunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adduco
Transliteration: adducunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 281

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Iesum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iesus
Transliteration: Iesum
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

Caiapha

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Caiphas
Transliteration: Caiapha
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 9

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

praetorium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praetorium
Transliteration: praetorium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

mane

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mane
Transliteration: mane
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 203

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

ipsi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipsi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

introierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: introeo
Transliteration: introierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 159

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

praetorium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: praetorium
Transliteration: praetorium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

contaminarentur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contamino
Transliteration: contaminarentur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 60

sed

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sed
Transliteration: sed
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1637

manducarent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manduco
Transliteration: manducarent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 177

pascha

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pascha
Transliteration: pascha
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 35

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 18 · 18 of 21 available Verse 28 of 40

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John 18

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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Acts 10:28

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Deuteronomy 16:2

Psalms 35:16