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English Revised Version

Proverbs 14

English Revised Version, Verse 10

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¹⁰ The heart knoweth its own bitterness; and a stranger doth not intermeddle with its joy.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 14:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 49

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

לֵ֗ב י֭וֹדֵעַ מָרַּ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּ֝בְשִׂמְחָת֗וֹ לֹא־יִתְעָ֥רַב זָֽר׃

8 word entries

לֵ֗ב

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

י֭וֹדֵעַ

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

מָרַּ֣ת

Lemma: 4787
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4787
Occurrences: 1

נַפְשׁ֑וֹ

Lemma: 5315
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5315
Occurrences: 576

וּ֝בְשִׂמְחָת֗וֹ

Lemma: c/b/8057
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8057
Occurrences: 1

לֹא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

יִתְעָ֥רַב

Lemma: 6148
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6148
Occurrences: 18

זָֽר

Lemma: 2114 a
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H2114
Occurrences: 61

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καρδία ἀνδρὸς αἰσθητικὴ, λυπηρὰ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ, ὅταν δὲ εὐφραίνηται οὐκ ἐπιμίγνυται ὕβρει.

12 word entries

Καρδία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

ἀνδρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andros
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss: of a man, husband
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

αἰσθητικὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: αἰσθητικὴ
Transliteration: aisthetike
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

λυπηρὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: λυπηρὰ
Transliteration: lypera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ψυχὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ψυχή
Transliteration: psyche
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: soul, life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Soul, life, self, or living being.
Occurrences: 809

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὅταν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅταν
Transliteration: hotan
Morphology: temporal conjunction
Gloss: whenever, when
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Temporal conjunction.
Occurrences: 191

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

εὐφραίνηται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: εὐφραίνηται
Transliteration: eyphrainetai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἐπιμίγνυται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπιμίγνυται
Transliteration: epimignytai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὕβρει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὕβρει
Transliteration: ybrei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܠܒܐ ܝܕܘܥܬܢܐ ܟܪܝܘܬܐ ܗܘ ܠܢܦܫܗ ܘܒܚܕܘܬܗ ܠܐ ܢܬܚܠܛ ܢܘܟܪܝܐ

9 word entries

ܠܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܐ
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 95

ܝܕܘܥܬܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܘܥܬܢܐ
Transliteration: ydw'tn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܟܪܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܪܝܘܬܐ
Transliteration: krywt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܠܢܦܫܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܢܦܫܗ
Transliteration: lnpshh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 14

ܘܒܚܕܘܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܚܕܘܬܗ
Transliteration: wbhdwth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܢܬܚܠܛ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܚܠܛ
Transliteration: nthlt
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܢܘܟܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܘܟܪܝܐ
Transliteration: nwkry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 69

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לִבָּא יָדֵיעַ מְרִירוּתָא דְנַפְשֵׁיהּ וּבְחֶדְוָתֵיהּ לָא מִתְעָרַב נוּכְרָאָה׃

8 word entries

לִבָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבא
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 168

יָדֵיעַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידיע
Transliteration: ydy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

מְרִירוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רירותא
Transliteration: mryrwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

דְנַפְשֵׁיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשיה
Transliteration: dnpshyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 106

וּבְחֶדְוָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בחדותיה
Transliteration: wbchdwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

מִתְעָרַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תערב
Transliteration: mt'rb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

נוּכְרָאָה׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נוכראה
Transliteration: nwkr'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Cor quod novit amaritudinem animæ suæ, in gaudio ejus non miscebitur extraneus.

12 word entries

cor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 15011

novit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nosco
Transliteration: novit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 196

amaritudinem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: amaritudo
Transliteration: amaritudinem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 44

animae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: anima
Transliteration: animae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 916

suae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

gaudio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gaudium
Transliteration: gaudio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 142

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

miscebitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: misceo
Transliteration: miscebitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 34

extraneus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: extraneus
Transliteration: extraneus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 20

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Philippians 4:7

And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall guard your hearts and your thoughts in Christ Jesus.

7 relevance votes

Proverbs 18:14

The spirit of a man will sustain his infirmity; but a broken spirit who can bear?

6 relevance votes

John 14:18

I will not leave you desolate: I come unto you.

5 relevance votes

Proverbs 15:13

A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of heart the spirit is broken.

5 relevance votes

Revelation 2:17

He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith to the churches. To him that overcometh, to him will I give of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white stone, and upon the stone a new name written, which no one knoweth but he that receiveth it.

4 relevance votes

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Proverbs 14

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Philippians 4:7

Proverbs 18:14

John 14:18

Proverbs 15:13

Revelation 2:17

Job 10:1

1 Samuel 1:10

2 Kings 4:27

Psalms 25:14

Job 7:11

John 12:27

1 Peter 1:8