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English Revised Version

Proverbs 13

English Revised Version, Verse 24

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²⁴ He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 13:24. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 53

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְטוֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑וֹ וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ מוּסָֽר׃

7 word entries

חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ

Lemma: 2820
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2820
Occurrences: 24

שִׁ֭בְטוֹ

Lemma: 7626
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7626
Occurrences: 125

שׂוֹנֵ֣א

Lemma: 8130
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8130
Occurrences: 107

בְנ֑וֹ

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

וְ֝אֹהֲב֗וֹ

Lemma: c/157
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H157
Occurrences: 37

שִֽׁחֲר֥וֹ

Lemma: 7836
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7836
Occurrences: 8

מוּסָֽר

Lemma: 4148
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4148
Occurrences: 42

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὃς φείδεται τῆς βακτηρίας, μισεῖ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ὁ δὲ ἀγαπῶν, ἐπιμελῶς παιδεύει.

13 word entries

Ὃς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: who, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

φείδεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: φείδεται
Transliteration: pheidetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βακτηρίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βακτηρίας
Transliteration: bakterias
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μισεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μισεῖ
Transliteration: misei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

υἱὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ἀγαπῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀγαπῶν
Transliteration: agapon
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀγαπῶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἐπιμελῶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπιμελῶς
Transliteration: epimelos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

παιδεύει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: παιδεύει
Transliteration: paideyei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܟܠ ܕܚܐܣ ܥܠ ܫܒܛܗ ܣܢܐ ܠܒܪܗ ܘܕܪܚܡ ܠܒܪܗ ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ ܪܕܐ ܠܗ

11 word entries

ܟܠ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܟܠ
Transliteration: kul
Morphology: quantifier/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 569

ܕܚܐܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܐܣ
Transliteration: dh's
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܫܒܛܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܛܗ
Transliteration: shbth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܣܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܢܐ
Transliteration: sn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 10

ܠܒܪܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܪܗ
Transliteration: lbrh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 12

ܘܕܪܚܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܪܚܡ
Transliteration: wdrhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܠܒܪܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܪܗ
Transliteration: lbrh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 12

ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܦܝܛܐܝܬ
Transliteration: hpyt'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 10

ܪܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܕܐ
Transliteration: rd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 13

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

דְחָשֵׂךְ שִׁבְטֵיהּ סָנֵי בְּרֵי וּדְרָחֵם לֵיהּ מְקַדֵם לֵיהּ מַרְדוּתָא׃

9 word entries

דְחָשֵׂךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חשך
Transliteration: dchshk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 6

שִׁבְטֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבטיה
Transliteration: shbtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

סָנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סני
Transliteration: sny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

בְּרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברי
Transliteration: bry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 95

וּדְרָחֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דרחם
Transliteration: wdrchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

מְקַדֵם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: mqdm
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: from before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

מַרְדוּתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רדותא
Transliteration: mrdwt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui parcit virgæ odit filium suum; qui autem diligit illum instanter erudit.

13 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

parcit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: parco
Transliteration: parcit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 88

virgae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirga
Transliteration: virgae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 116

suae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

odit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: odi
Transliteration: odit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 150

filium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

suum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

diligit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diligo
Transliteration: diligit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 338

illum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

instanter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: instanter
Transliteration: instanter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 6

erudit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erudio
Transliteration: erudit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 56

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 13

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