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Open English Bible, US Edition

Zephaniah 3

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 4

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⁴ Her prophets are braggarts, faithless men. Her priests profane what is holy and do violence to the law.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Zephaniah 3:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים אַנְשֵׁ֖י בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ חִלְּלוּ־קֹ֔דֶשׁ חָמְס֖וּ תּוֹרָֽה׃

9 word entries

נְבִיאֶ֨יהָ֙

Lemma: 5030
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5030
Occurrences: 70

פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים

Lemma: 6348
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6348
Occurrences: 1

אַנְשֵׁ֖י

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת

Lemma: 900
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H900
Occurrences: 1

כֹּהֲנֶ֨יהָ֙

Lemma: 3548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3548
Occurrences: 96

חִלְּלוּ

Lemma: 2490 c
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2490
Occurrences: 90

קֹ֔דֶשׁ

Lemma: 6944
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6944
Occurrences: 270

חָמְס֖וּ

Lemma: 2554
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2554
Occurrences: 7

תּוֹרָֽה

Lemma: 8451
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8451
Occurrences: 106

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οἱ προφῆται αὐτῆς πνευματοφόροι, ἄνδρες καταφρονηταί· ἱερεῖς αὐτῆς βεβηλοῦσι τὰ ἅγια, καὶ ἀσεβοῦσι νόμον.

14 word entries

Οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

προφῆται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: προφῆται
Transliteration: prophetai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 36

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πνευματοφόροι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πνευματοφόροι
Transliteration: pneymatophoroi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἄνδρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andres
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

καταφρονηταί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: καταφρονηταί
Transliteration: kataphronetai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἱερεῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱερεύς
Transliteration: hiereis
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative plural
Gloss: priests
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Priest.
Occurrences: 817

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

βεβηλοῦσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: βεβηλοῦσι
Transliteration: bebeloysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἅγια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἅγιος
Transliteration: hagios
Morphology: adjective, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: holy
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Holy, sacred, or set apart.
Occurrences: 562

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀσεβοῦσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀσεβοῦσι
Transliteration: aseboysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

νόμον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νόμος
Transliteration: nomos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: law
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Law, custom, or instruction.
Occurrences: 332

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܢܒܝ̈ܝܗ̇ ܦܚܙܝܢ ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ ܟܗ̈ܢܝܗ̇ ܛܘܫܘ ܡܩܕܫܐ ܘܚܛܦܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ

10 word entries

ܢܒܝ̈ܝܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܒܝܝܗ
Transliteration: nbyyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܦܚܙܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܚܙܝܢ
Transliteration: phzyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܓܒܪܐ
Transliteration: wgbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 92

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 232

ܟܗ̈ܢܝܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܗܢܝܗ
Transliteration: khnyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܛܘܫܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܘܫܘ
Transliteration: twshw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܡܩܕܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܩܕܫܐ
Transliteration: mqdsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

ܘܚܛܦܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܛܦܘ
Transliteration: whtpw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܢܡܘܣܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܡܘܣܐ
Transliteration: nmws'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 152

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

נְבִיֵי שִׁקְרָא דִי בְגַוָהּ בָּאֲשִׁין גַבְרִין שָׁקְרִין כַּהֲנָתָא מַפְסִין קוּדְשָׁא חָטְפִין בְּאוֹרַיְתָא׃

12 word entries

נְבִיֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נביי
Transliteration: nbyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 77

שִׁקְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקרא
Transliteration: shqr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 195

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

בְגַוָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גוה
Transliteration: bgwh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 65

בָּאֲשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשין
Transliteration: b'shyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

גַבְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גברין
Transliteration: gbryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 129

שָׁקְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שקרין
Transliteration: shqryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

כַּהֲנָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנתא
Transliteration: khnt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

מַפְסִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פסין
Transliteration: mpsyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

קוּדְשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קודשא
Transliteration: qwdsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 130

חָטְפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חטפין
Transliteration: chtpyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

בְּאוֹרַיְתָא׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אוריתא
Transliteration: b'wryt'
Morphology: prefixed preposition ב + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: in/with law, Torah
Occurrences: 299

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Prophetæ ejus vesani, viri infideles; sacerdotes ejus polluerunt sanctum, injuste egerunt contra legem.

13 word entries

prophetae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propheta
Transliteration: prophetae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 506

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

vesani

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uesanus
Transliteration: vesani
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1

viri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

infideles

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: infidelis
Transliteration: infideles
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 28

sacerdotes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sacerdos
Transliteration: sacerdotes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 777

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

polluerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: polluo
Transliteration: polluerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 146

sanctum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sanctus
Transliteration: sanctum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 797

iniuste

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iniuste
Transliteration: iniuste
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 21

egerunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ago
Transliteration: egerunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 366

contra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contra
Transliteration: contra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 895

legem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lex
Transliteration: legem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 596

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Zephaniah 3

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