21 Look at our ancestor, Abraham. Was he not justified by his actions after he had offered his son, Isaac, on the altar?
Open English Bible, US Edition
James 2
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 21
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to James 2:21. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
58
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον;
16 word entries
Ἀβραὰμ
ὁ
πατὴρ
ἡμῶν
οὐκ
ἐξ
ἔργων
ἐδικαιώθη
ἀνενέγκας
Ἰσαὰκ
τὸν
υἱὸν
αὐτοῦ
ἐπὶ
τὸ
θυσιαστήριον
- Lemma
- qusiasthrion
- Transliteration
- qusiasthrion
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G2379
- Occurrences
- 7
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον;
16 word entries
ὁ
τὸν
τὸ
θυσιαστήριον;
- Lemma
- θυσιαστήριον
- Morphology
- N-ASN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G2379
- Occurrences
- 23
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܒܘܢ ܐܒܪܗܡ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܥܒܕܐ ܐܙܕܕܩ ܕܐܣܩ ܠܐܝܣܚܩ ܒܪܗ ܥܠ ܡܕܒܚܐ
12 word entries
ܐܒܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'bwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 25
ܐܒܪܗܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܪܗܡ
- Transliteration
- 'brhm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 33
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܥܒܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'bd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 132
ܐܙܕܕܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܙܕܕܩ
- Transliteration
- 'zddq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܣܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܣܩ
- Transliteration
- d'sq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܐܝܣܚܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܝܣܚܩ
- Transliteration
- l'yshq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܒܪܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܗ
- Transliteration
- brh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 139
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܡܕܒܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܒܚܐ
- Transliteration
- mdbh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Abraham pater noster nonne ex operibus justificatus est, offerens Isaac filium suum super altare?
14 word entries
Abraham
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Abraham
- Transliteration
- Abraham
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 214
pater
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pater
- Transliteration
- pater
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1575
noster
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noster
- Transliteration
- noster
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1263
nonne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nonne
- Transliteration
- nonne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 208
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
operibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opus
- Transliteration
- operibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 656
iustificatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iustifico
- Transliteration
- iustificatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 80
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
offerens
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offero
- Transliteration
- offerens
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 529
Isaac
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Isaac
- Transliteration
- Isaac
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 111
filium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
suum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
super
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- super
- Transliteration
- super
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3146
altare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- altare
- Transliteration
- altare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 363
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 8:39
“Our father is Abraham,” was their answer. “If you are Abraham’s children,” replied Jesus, “do what Abraham did.
4 relevance votesMatthew 12:37
For it is by your words that you will be acquitted, and by your words that you will be condemned.”
3 relevance votesRomans 4:16
That is why everything is made to depend on faith: so that everything may be God’s gift, and in order that the fulfillment of the promise may be made certain for all Abraham’s descendants – not only for those who take their stand on the Law, but also for those who take their stand on the faith of Abraham. (He is the father of us all;
3 relevance votesJohn 8:53
Are you greater than our ancestor Abraham, who died? And the prophets died too. Whom do you make yourself out to be?”
2 relevance votesJames 2:18
Someone, indeed, may say – “You are a man of faith, and I am a man of action.” “Then show me your faith,” I reply, “apart from any actions, and I will show you my faith by my actions.”
2 relevance votesLuke 1:73
This was the oath which he swore to our ancestor Abraham –
2 relevance votesActs 7:2
Stephen replied, “Brothers and fathers, hear what I have to say. God, who manifests himself in the glory, appeared to our ancestor Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, and before he settled in Haran, and said to him –
2 relevance votesMatthew 3:9
and do not think that you can say among yourselves ‘Abraham is our ancestor,’ for I tell you that out of these stones God is able to raise descendants for Abraham!
2 relevance votesJoshua 24:3
But I took your ancestor Abraham from the other side of the Euphrates, I led him through all the land of Canaan, multiplying his family, and giving him Isaac.
2 relevance votesRomans 4:1
What then, it may be asked, are we to say about Abraham, the ancestor of our nation?
2 relevance votesRomans 3:20
For no human being will be pronounced righteous before God as the result of obedience to Law; for it is Law that shows what sin is.
2 relevance votesJames 2:24
You see, then, that a person is justified by actions, and not by faith alone.
2 relevance votes