Hosea 7

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 11

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¹¹ Ephraim is like a simple, silly dove: to Egypt they call, after Assyria they go,

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 7:11. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 67

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְהִ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם כְּיוֹנָ֥ה פוֹתָ֖ה אֵ֣ין לֵ֑ב מִצְרַ֥יִם קָרָ֖אוּ אַשּׁ֥וּר הָלָֽכוּ׃

10 word entries

וַיְהִ֣י

Lemma: c/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1772

אֶפְרַ֔יִם

Lemma: 669
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 149

כְּיוֹנָ֥ה

Lemma: k/3123
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3123
Occurrences: 6

פוֹתָ֖ה

Lemma: 6601 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6601
Occurrences: 20

אֵ֣ין

Lemma: 369
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 460

לֵ֑ב

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

מִצְרַ֥יִם

Lemma: 4714
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4714
Occurrences: 467

קָרָ֖אוּ

Lemma: 7121
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7121
Occurrences: 350

אַשּׁ֥וּר

Lemma: 804
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H804
Occurrences: 137

הָלָֽכוּ

Lemma: 1980
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1980
Occurrences: 372

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἦν Ἐφραὶμ ὡς περιστερὰ ἄνους, οὐκ ἔχουσα καρδίαν· Αἴγυπτον ἐπεκαλεῖτο, καὶ εἰς Ἀσσυρίους ἐπορεύθησαν·

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: en
Morphology: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it was
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

Ἐφραὶμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Ephraim
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

περιστερὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: περιστερὰ
Transliteration: peristera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἄνους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄνους
Transliteration: anoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔχουσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔχουσα
Transliteration: echoysa
Morphology: present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καρδίαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

Αἴγυπτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: Aigypton
Morphology: proper noun, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: Egypt
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Egypt.
Occurrences: 600

ἐπεκαλεῖτο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπεκαλεῖτο
Transliteration: epekaleito
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Ἀσσυρίους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀσσυρίους
Transliteration: assyrioys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἐπορεύθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: eporeuthesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive/deponent indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they went
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܗܘܐ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܐܝܟ ܝܘܢܐ ܫܒܪܬܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܒܗ ܠܒܐ ܠܡܨܪܝܢ ܐܬܘ ܘܠܐܬܘܪ ܐܙܠܘ

12 word entries

ܘܗܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܗܘܐ
Transliteration: whw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 367

ܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܝܘܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܢܐ
Transliteration: ywn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 10

ܫܒܪܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܪܬܐ
Transliteration: shbrt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܕܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܝܬ
Transliteration: dlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 169

ܒܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܗ
Transliteration: bh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 571

ܠܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܐ
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 95

ܠܡܨܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܨܪܝܢ
Transliteration: lmsryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 44

ܐܬܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܘ
Transliteration: 'tw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 75

ܘܠܐܬܘܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐܬܘܪ
Transliteration: wl'twr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܐܙܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܙܠܘ
Transliteration: 'zlw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 38

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַהֲווֹ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דָמָן כְּיוֹנָה שְׁרִיחֲתָא דְאִתְנְסִיבוּ בְנָהָא וְלֵית לָהּ לֵב לְמִצְרַיִם אִתְקְרָבוּ לְאַתּוּר גְלוֹ׃

15 word entries

וַהֲווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: whww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 399

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

דָמָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמן
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 252

כְּיוֹנָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יונה
Transliteration: kywnh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 27

שְׁרִיחֲתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שריחתא
Transliteration: shrycht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דְאִתְנְסִיבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתנסיבו
Transliteration: d'tnsybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

בְנָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נהא
Transliteration: bnh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

וְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 629

לָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לה
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 260

לֵב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לב
Transliteration: lb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 34

לְמִצְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצרים
Transliteration: lmtsrym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 261

אִתְקְרָבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתקרבו
Transliteration: 'tqrbw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

לְאַתּוּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתור
Transliteration: l'twr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 124

גְלוֹ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גלו
Transliteration: glw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 54

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et factus est Ephraim quasi columba seducta non habens cor. Ægyptum invocabant; ad Assyrios abierunt.

15 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

factus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: factus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Ephraim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ephraim
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 136

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

columba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: columba
Transliteration: columba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

seducta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: seduco
Transliteration: seducta
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 51

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

habens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: habeo
Transliteration: habens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1641

cor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

Aegyptum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aegyptus
Transliteration: Aegyptum
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 617

invocabant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inuoco
Transliteration: invocabant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 152

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Assyrios

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Assyrii
Transliteration: Assyrios
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 130

abierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: abeo
Transliteration: abierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 404

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 7 of 14 Verse 11 of 16

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Hosea 7

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Hosea 12:1

Hosea 5:13

Hosea 11:11

Jeremiah 2:18

Hosea 4:11

Proverbs 6:32

Hosea 9:3

Proverbs 15:32

Jeremiah 2:36

Hosea 14:3

Proverbs 17:16

2 Kings 15:19