Hosea 12

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 2

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² The Lord has a charge to bring against Israel, to punish Jacob for his acts, according to his deeds will he requite him,

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 12:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 95

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃

17 word entries

אֶפְרַ֜יִם

Lemma: 669
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 149

רֹעֶ֥ה

Lemma: 7462 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7462
Occurrences: 91

ר֨וּחַ֙

Lemma: 7307
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7307
Occurrences: 271

וְרֹדֵ֣ף

Lemma: c/7291
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7291
Occurrences: 54

קָדִ֔ים

Lemma: 6921
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6921
Occurrences: 46

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

הַיּ֕וֹם

Lemma: d/3117
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 595

כָּזָ֥ב

Lemma: 3577
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3577
Occurrences: 29

וָשֹׁ֖ד

Lemma: c/7701
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7701
Occurrences: 8

יַרְבֶּ֑ה

Lemma: 7235 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7235
Occurrences: 151

וּבְרִית֙

Lemma: c/1285
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1285
Occurrences: 8

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

אַשּׁ֣וּר

Lemma: 804
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H804
Occurrences: 137

יִכְרֹ֔תוּ

Lemma: 3772
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3772
Occurrences: 139

וְשֶׁ֖מֶן

Lemma: c/8081
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8081
Occurrences: 26

לְמִצְרַ֥יִם

Lemma: l/4714
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4714
Occurrences: 8

יוּבָֽל

Lemma: 2986
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2986
Occurrences: 18

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ δὲ Ἐφραὶμ πονηρὸν πνεῦμα, ἐδίωξε καύσωνα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν· κενὰ καὶ μάταια ἐπλήθυνε, καὶ διαθήκην μετὰ Ἀσσυρίων διέθετο, καὶ ἔλαιον εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐνεπορεύετο.

24 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἐφραὶμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Ephraim
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

πονηρὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πονηρός
Transliteration: poneron
Morphology: adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
Gloss: evil, wicked
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Evil, wicked, bad, or troublesome.
Occurrences: 198

πνεῦμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πνεῦμα
Transliteration: pneuma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: spirit, breath, wind
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Spirit, breath, or wind.
Occurrences: 216

ἐδίωξε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐδίωξε
Transliteration: edioxe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καύσωνα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καύσωνα
Transliteration: kaysona
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ὅλην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅλος
Transliteration: holen
Morphology: adjective, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: whole, all
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Whole, entire, all.
Occurrences: 195

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἡμέραν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἡμέρα
Transliteration: hemera
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: day
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Day.
Occurrences: 2366

κενὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κενὰ
Transliteration: kena
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μάταια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μάταια
Transliteration: mataia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

ἐπλήθυνε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπλήθυνε
Transliteration: eplethyne
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

διαθήκην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διαθήκη
Transliteration: diatheken
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: covenant, testament
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Covenant, testament, or arrangement.
Occurrences: 314

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

Ἀσσυρίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀσσύριος
Transliteration: Assyrion
Morphology: proper adjective/substantive, genitive plural
Gloss: of Assyrians
Part of Speech: proper noun/adjective
Definition: Assyrian.
Occurrences: 108

διέθετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διέθετο
Transliteration: dietheto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 29

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔλαιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔλαιον
Transliteration: elaion
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: oil, olive oil
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Olive oil or oil.
Occurrences: 190

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Αἴγυπτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: Aigypton
Morphology: proper noun, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: Egypt
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Egypt.
Occurrences: 600

ἐνεπορεύετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐνεπορεύετο
Transliteration: eneporeyeto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܦܪܝܡ ܪܥܐ ܪܘܚܐ ܘܪܕܦ ܥܠܥܠܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܟܠܗ ܕܓܠܘܬܐ ܘܒܙܬܐ ܐܣܓܝܘ ܘܕܝܬܩܐ ܥܡ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܦܣܩܘ ܘܡܫܚܐ ܠܡܨܪܝܢ ܐܘܒܠܘ

17 word entries

ܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܪܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܥܐ
Transliteration: r''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܪܘܚܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܪܘܚܐ
Transliteration: ruha
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: spirit, wind
Occurrences: 147

ܘܪܕܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܪܕܦ
Transliteration: wrdp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 15

ܥܠܥܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܥܠܐ
Transliteration: 'l'l'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 18

ܝܘܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܡܐ
Transliteration: ywm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 225

ܟܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܗ
Transliteration: klh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 558

ܕܓܠܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܠܘܬܐ
Transliteration: dglwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܘܒܙܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܙܬܐ
Transliteration: wbzt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 11

ܐܣܓܝܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܓܝܘ
Transliteration: 'sgyw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܘܕܝܬܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܝܬܩܐ
Transliteration: wdytq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡ
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 697

ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܘܪܝܐ
Transliteration: 'twry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 15

ܦܣܩܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܣܩܘ
Transliteration: psqw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܘܡܫܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܫܚܐ
Transliteration: wmshh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 24

ܠܡܨܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܨܪܝܢ
Transliteration: lmsryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 44

ܐܘܒܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܒܠܘ
Transliteration: 'wblw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דָמָן לִדְרוּחַ זְרַע וְעַלְעוֹל חֲצַד כָּל יוֹמָא כַּדְבִין וּבִזָא מַסְגָן וּקְיָם עִם אַתּוּרָאָה אָקִימוּ וְקוּרְבָּנָא לְמִצְרַיִם מוֹבְלִין׃

19 word entries

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

דָמָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמן
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 252

לִדְרוּחַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דרוח
Transliteration: ldrwch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

זְרַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זרע
Transliteration: zr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

וְעַלְעוֹל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלעול
Transliteration: w'l'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

חֲצַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חצד
Transliteration: chtsd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

יוֹמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יום
Transliteration: ywm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: day
Occurrences: 899

כַּדְבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דבין
Transliteration: kdbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

וּבִזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזא
Transliteration: wbz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

מַסְגָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סגן
Transliteration: msgn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 16

וּקְיָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קים
Transliteration: wqym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 237

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 1754

אַתּוּרָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתוראה
Transliteration: 'twr'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

אָקִימוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אקימו
Transliteration: 'qymw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

וְקוּרְבָּנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קורבנא
Transliteration: wqwrbn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

לְמִצְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצרים
Transliteration: lmtsrym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 261

מוֹבְלִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ובלין
Transliteration: mwblyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Judicium ergo Domini cum Juda, et visitatio super Jacob: juxta vias ejus, et juxta adinventiones ejus reddet ei.

18 word entries

iudicium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudicium
Transliteration: iudicium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 529

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Iuda

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iuda
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

visitatio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uisitatio
Transliteration: visitatio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

iuxta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuxta
Transliteration: iuxta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 593

vias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uia
Transliteration: vias
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 853

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

iuxta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuxta
Transliteration: iuxta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 593

adinventiones

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adinuentio
Transliteration: adinventiones
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

reddet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reddo
Transliteration: reddet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 267

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: ei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Hosea 12

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Micah 6:2

Isaiah 10:6

Hosea 4:1

Jeremiah 25:31

Isaiah 3:11

Hosea 8:13

Hosea 2:13

Isaiah 10:12

Isaiah 24:21

Isaiah 59:18

Hosea 4:9

Hosea 9:9