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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 9

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 22

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²² Then Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father and told his two brothers about it.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 9:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 67

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיַּ֗רְא חָ֚ם אֲבִ֣י כְנַ֔עַן אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יו וַיַּגֵּ֥ד לִשְׁנֵֽי־אֶחָ֖יו בַּחֽוּץ׃

11 word entries

וַיַּ֗רְא

Lemma: c/7200
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 487

חָ֚ם

Lemma: 2526
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2526
Occurrences: 13

אֲבִ֣י

Lemma: 1
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1
Occurrences: 995

כְנַ֔עַן

Lemma: 3667 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3667
Occurrences: 86

אֵ֖ת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

עֶרְוַ֣ת

Lemma: 6172
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6172
Occurrences: 51

אָבִ֑יו

Lemma: 1
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1
Occurrences: 995

וַיַּגֵּ֥ד

Lemma: c/5046
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5046
Occurrences: 165

לִשְׁנֵֽי

Lemma: l/8147
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8147
Occurrences: 39

אֶחָ֖יו

Lemma: 251
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H251
Occurrences: 455

בַּחֽוּץ

Lemma: b/2351
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2351
Occurrences: 30

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ εἶδε Χὰμ ὁ πατὴρ Χαναὰν τὴν γύμνωσιν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἀνήγγειλε τοῖς δυσὶν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ ἔξω.

19 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶδε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁράω
Transliteration: eide
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it saw
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences: 768

Χὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Χὰμ
Transliteration: cham
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Χὰμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πατὴρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πατήρ
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: father
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Father or ancestor.
Occurrences: 1228

Χαναὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Χαναάν
Transliteration: Chanaan
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Canaan
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Canaan, land or personal name.
Occurrences: 97

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γύμνωσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γύμνωσιν
Transliteration: gymnosin
Morphology: dative plural noun pattern or 3rd plural verb ending depending on context
Gloss: to/for ... / they ...
Part of Speech: noun/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πατρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πατήρ
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: father
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Father or ancestor.
Occurrences: 1228

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξελθὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐξελθὼν
Transliteration: exelthon
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐξελθὼν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

ἀνήγγειλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀνήγγειλε
Transliteration: aneggeile
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δυσὶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δυσὶν
Transliteration: dysin
Morphology: dative plural noun pattern or 3rd plural verb ending depending on context
Gloss: to/for ... / they ...
Part of Speech: noun/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἀδελφοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀδελφός
Transliteration: adelphos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: brother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
Occurrences: 739

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἔξω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔξω
Transliteration: exo
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: outside, out
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Outside, outward, or out.
Occurrences: 105

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וַחֲזָא חָם אֲבוּהִי דִּכְנַעַן יָת עֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהִי וְחַוֵּי לִתְרֵין אֲחוֹהִי בְּשׁוּקָא

11 word entries

וַחֲזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזא
Transliteration: wchz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 75

חָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חם
Transliteration: chm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

אֲבוּהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבוהי
Transliteration: 'bwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 100

דִּכְנַעַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כנען
Transliteration: dkn'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 57

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

עֶרְיְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עריתא
Transliteration: 'ryt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

דַּאֲבוּהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבוהי
Transliteration: d'bwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 100

וְחַוֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוי
Transliteration: wchwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 19

לִתְרֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרין
Transliteration: ltryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 204

אֲחוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחוהי
Transliteration: 'chwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 127

בְּשׁוּקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוקא
Transliteration: bshwq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ ܚܡ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܟܢܥܢ ܥܪܛܠܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܒܘܗܝ. ܘܚܘܝ ܠܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܐܚ̈ܘܗܝ.

9 word entries

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WX#Z>
Morphology: W-XZ(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܚܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XM
Morphology: XM=/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܒܘܗܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >BWHJ
Morphology: >B&W/-HJ
Occurrences: 0

ܕܟܢܥܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DKN<N
Morphology: D-KN<N/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܪܛܠܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <RVLJWT>
Morphology: <RVLJW/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܒܘܗܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>BWHJ
Morphology: D->B&W/-HJ
Occurrences: 0

ܘܚܘܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WXWJ
Morphology: W-XWJ[:d
Occurrences: 0

ܠܬܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LTR"JN
Morphology: L-TR/JN=
Occurrences: 0

ܐܚ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >X"WHJ
Morphology: >X/(J&W-HJ
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quod cum vidisset Cham, pater Chanaan, verenda scilicet patris sui esse nudata, nuntiavit duobus fratribus suis foras.

17 word entries

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

vidisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: vidisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

Ham

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: Ham
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 4646

pater

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pater
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1575

Chanaan

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Chanaan
Transliteration: Chanaan
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 98

verenda

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uereor
Transliteration: verenda
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 19

scilicet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scilicet
Transliteration: scilicet
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 34

patris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pater
Transliteration: patris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1575

sui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: sui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

esse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: esse
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

nuda

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nudus
Transliteration: nuda
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 52

nuntiavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nuntio
Transliteration: nuntiavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 184

duobus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: duo
Transliteration: duobus
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 695

fratribus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frater
Transliteration: fratribus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1060

suis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

foras

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: foras
Transliteration: foras
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 62

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 9

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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1 Chronicles 1:8