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Open English Bible, US Edition

Genesis 42

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 1

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¹ Jacob learned that there was grain for sale in Egypt, and he said to his sons, “Why do you stand looking at each other?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 42:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיַּ֣רְא יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י יֶשׁ־שֶׁ֖בֶר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ לְבָנָ֔יו לָ֖מָּה תִּתְרָאֽוּ׃

11 word entries

וַיַּ֣רְא

Lemma: c/7200
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 487

יַעֲקֹ֔ב

Lemma: 3290
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 274

כִּ֥י

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

יֶשׁ

Lemma: 3426
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3426
Occurrences: 98

שֶׁ֖בֶר

Lemma: 7668
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7668
Occurrences: 7

בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם

Lemma: b/4714
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4714
Occurrences: 55

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

יַעֲקֹב֙

Lemma: 3290
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 274

לְבָנָ֔יו

Lemma: l/1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 256

לָ֖מָּה

Lemma: l/4100
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4100
Occurrences: 145

תִּתְרָאֽוּ

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hithpael imperfect 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἰδὼν δὲ Ἰακὼβ ὅτι ἐστὶ πράσις ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, εἶπε τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ, ἱνατί ῥαθυμεῖτε;

14 word entries

Ἰδὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁράω
Transliteration: idon
Morphology: aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: having seen
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences: 768

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἰακὼβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰακώβ
Transliteration: Iakob
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jacob
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jacob.
Occurrences: 392

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἐστὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

πράσις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πράσις
Transliteration: prasis
Morphology: nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

Αἰγύπτῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: Aigypto
Morphology: proper noun, dative feminine singular
Gloss: Egypt
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Egypt.
Occurrences: 600

εἶπε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

υἱοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἱνατί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱνατί
Transliteration: hinati
Morphology: interrogative particle
Gloss: why?
Part of Speech: interrogative particle
Definition: Interrogative particle meaning why or for what reason.
Occurrences: 133

ῥαθυμεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ῥαθυμεῖτε
Transliteration: athymeite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וַחֲזָא יַעֲקֹב אֲרֵי אִית עִיבוּרָא מִזְדַּבַּן בְּמִצְרָיִם וַאֲמַר יַעֲקֹב לִבְנוֹהִי לְמָא תִּתְחֲזוּן

12 word entries

וַחֲזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזא
Transliteration: wchz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 75

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 199

אֲרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארי
Transliteration: 'ry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 989

אִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אית
Transliteration: 'yt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 29

עִיבוּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיבורא
Transliteration: 'ybwr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 25

מִזְדַּבַּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זדבן
Transliteration: mzdbn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

בְּמִצְרָיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצרים
Transliteration: bmtsrym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 273

וַאֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: and said, spoke
Occurrences: 1144

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 199

לִבְנוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנוהי
Transliteration: lbnwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 50

לְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למא
Transliteration: lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 46

תִּתְחֲזוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תתחזון
Transliteration: ttchzwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܕܐܝܬ ܥܒܘܪܐ ܒܡܨܪܝܢ ܘܐܡ̣ܪ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܠܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ. ܠܐ ܬܕܚܠܘܢ.

10 word entries

ܘܚ̣ܙܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WX#Z>
Morphology: W-XZ(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܝܥܩܘܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: J<QWB
Morphology: J<QWB/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>JT
Morphology: D->JT(J/
Occurrences: 0

ܥܒܘܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <BWR>
Morphology: <BWR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܒܡܨܪܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BMYRJN
Morphology: B-MYRJN/
Occurrences: 0

ܘܐܡ̣ܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>M#R
Morphology: W->MR[
Occurrences: 0

ܝܥܩܘܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: J<QWB
Morphology: J<QWB/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LBN"WHJ
Morphology: L-BN/(J&W-HJ
Occurrences: 0

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܕܚܠܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TDXLWN
Morphology: !T!DXL[WN
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Audiens autem Jacob quod alimenta venderentur in Ægypto, dixit filiis suis: Quare negligitis?

13 word entries

audiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

quod

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quod
Transliteration: quod
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1241

alimenta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alimentum
Transliteration: alimenta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 11

venderentur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uendo
Transliteration: venderentur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 118

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Aegypto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aegyptus
Transliteration: Aegypto
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 617

dixit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

filiis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filiis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

suis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

quare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quare
Transliteration: quare
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 224

neglegitis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: negligo
Transliteration: neglegitis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 42

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Exodus 20:18

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