2 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is the Christ, the king.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 23:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
83
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἤρξαντο δὲ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ, λέγοντες, Τοῦτον εὕρομεν διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος, καὶ κωλύοντα Καίσαρι φόρους διδόναι, λέγοντα ἑαυτὸν Χριστὸν βασιλέα εἶναι.
20 word entries
Ἤρξαντο
δὲ
κατηγορεῖν
- Lemma
- kathgorein
- Transliteration
- kathgorein
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active infinitive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2723
- Occurrences
- 4
αὐτοῦ
λέγοντες
Τοῦτον
εὕρομεν
διαστρέφοντα
- Lemma
- diastrefonta
- Transliteration
- diastrefonta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle accusative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1294
- Occurrences
- 1
τὸ
ἔθνος
καὶ
κωλύοντα
Καίσαρι
φόρους
διδόναι
λέγοντα
ἑαυτὸν
Χριστὸν
βασιλέα
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἤρξαντο δὲ κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ λέγοντες· τοῦτον εὕραμεν διαστρέφοντα τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν καὶ κωλύοντα φόρους Καίσαρι διδόναι, καὶ λέγοντα ἑαυτὸν Χριστὸν βασιλέα εἶναι.
22 word entries
τὸ
καὶ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܫܪܝܘ ܐܟܠܝܢ ܩܪܨܘܗܝ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܠܗܢܐ ܐܫܟܚܢ ܕܡܛܥܐ ܥܡܢ ܘܟܠܐ ܕܟܣܦ ܪܫܐ ܠܩܣܪ ܠܐ ܢܬܠ ܘܐܡܪ ܥܠ ܢܦܫܗ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܗܘ ܡܫܝܚܐ
20 word entries
ܘܫܪܝܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܪܝܘ
- Transliteration
- wshryw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 13
ܐܟܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܟܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'klyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 14
ܩܪܨܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܨܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- qrswhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 8
ܘܐܡܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- w'mryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 196
ܠܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- lhn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 42
ܐܫܟܚܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܟܚܢ
- Transliteration
- 'shkhn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܡܛܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܛܥܐ
- Transliteration
- dmt''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܢ
- Transliteration
- 'mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 23
ܘܟܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wkl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܟܣܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܣܦ
- Transliteration
- dksp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܪܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܫܐ
- Transliteration
- rsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 51
ܠܩܣܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܩܣܪ
- Transliteration
- lqsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܢܬܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܠ
- Transliteration
- ntl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 33
ܘܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- w'mr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 651
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܢܦܫܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫܗ
- Transliteration
- npshh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 105
ܕܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dmlk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- mshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 404
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Cœperunt autem illum accusare, dicentes: Hunc invenimus subvertentem gentem nostram, et prohibentem tributa dare Cæsari, et dicentem se Christum regem esse.
21 word entries
coeperunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coepio
- Transliteration
- coeperunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 262
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
accusare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accuso
- Transliteration
- accusare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 39
illum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
dicentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
hunc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hunc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
invenimus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuenio
- Transliteration
- invenimus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 682
subvertentem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subuerto
- Transliteration
- subvertentem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 84
gentem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
nostram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noster
- Transliteration
- nostram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1263
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
prohibentem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prohibeo
- Transliteration
- prohibentem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 71
tributa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tributum
- Transliteration
- tributa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
dari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- do
- Transliteration
- dari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2116
Caesari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Caesar
- Transliteration
- Caesari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 29
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
dicentem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicentem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
se
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- se
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
Christum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
regem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
esse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- esse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 19:12
From this time Pilate sought to release him. But the Jews cried out, saying, If thou release this man, thou art not a friend of Caesar. Every one that maketh himself a king, setteth himself against Caesar.
5 relevance votesLuke 23:14
said to them, Ye have brought to me this man, as one that perverteth the people; and behold, I have examined him before you, and have found nothing in this man to sustain the charges which ye bring against him.
5 relevance votesPsalms 62:4
They study how to cast me down from my eminence; They delight in falsehood; They bless with their mouths, but in their hearts they curse.
4 relevance votesJohn 18:30
They answered and said to him, If he had not been doing evil, we would not have delivered him up to thee.
4 relevance votesActs 24:5
For we have found this man to be a pest, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes;
4 relevance votesMatthew 22:21
They say, Caesar's. Then saith he to them, Render then to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.
4 relevance votesMark 12:17
And Jesus said to them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marveled at him exceedingly.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 20:10
For I hear the slander of many, terror on every side; “Tell us something against him, and we will denounce him.” All my familiar friends, they who leave not my side, [[say,]] “Perhaps he will be enticed, So that we may prevail against him, And take our revenge on him.”
4 relevance votesJeremiah 38:4
Then said the princes to the king, “We beseech thee, let this man be put to death! for thus he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words to them; for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but their hurt.”
4 relevance votesZechariah 11:8
And I cut off three shepherds in one month; for I was weary of them, and they also abhorred me.
4 relevance votesLuke 23:5
But they were the more violent, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Judaea, beginning from Galilee, even to this place.
3 relevance votes