Lamentations 4

George Noyes Bible, Verse 3

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³ The very jackals reach forth the breast; they suckle their young; But the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches of the desert.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 4:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 86

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

גַּם־תנין חָ֣לְצוּ שַׁ֔ד הֵינִ֖יקוּ גּוּרֵיהֶ֑ן בַּת־עַמִּ֣י לְאַכְזָ֔ר כי ענים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ ס

14 word entries

גַּם

Lemma: 1571
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1571
Occurrences: 508

תנין

Lemma: 8568
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8568
Occurrences: 2

תַּנִּים֙

Lemma: 8568
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8568
Occurrences: 2

חָ֣לְצוּ

Lemma: 2502 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2502
Occurrences: 17

שַׁ֔ד

Lemma: 7699 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7699
Occurrences: 15

הֵינִ֖יקוּ

Lemma: 3243
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3243
Occurrences: 20

גּוּרֵיהֶ֑ן

Lemma: 1482
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1482
Occurrences: 5

בַּת

Lemma: 1323
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1323
Occurrences: 388

עַמִּ֣י

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

לְאַכְזָ֔ר

Lemma: l/393
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H393
Occurrences: 2

כי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

ענים

Lemma: 3283
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3283
Occurrences: 1

כַּיְעֵנִ֖ים

Lemma: k/3283
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3283
Occurrences: 1

בַּמִּדְבָּֽר

Lemma: b/4057 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4057
Occurrences: 141

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ΓΙΜΕΛ. Καί γε δράκοντες ἐξέδυσαν μαστοὺς, ἐθήλασαν σκύμνοι αὐτῶν θυγατέρας λαοῦ μου εἰς ἀνίατον, ὡς στρουθίον ἐν ἐρήμῳ.

18 word entries

ΓΙΜΕΛ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ΓΙΜΕΛ
Transliteration: gimel
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: ΓΙΜΕΛ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Καί

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

γε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γε
Transliteration: ge
Morphology: enclitic particle
Gloss: indeed, at least
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Emphatic enclitic particle.
Occurrences: 153

δράκοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δράκοντες
Transliteration: drakontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ἐξέδυσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξέδυσαν
Transliteration: exedysan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

μαστοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μαστοὺς
Transliteration: mastoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἐθήλασαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθήλασαν
Transliteration: ethelasan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

σκύμνοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκύμνοι
Transliteration: skymnoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

θυγατέρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυγάτηρ
Transliteration: thygater
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: daughter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Daughter or female descendant.
Occurrences: 506

λαοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

ἀνίατον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνίατον
Transliteration: aniaton
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

στρουθίον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: στρουθίον
Transliteration: stroythion
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ἐρήμῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔρημος
Transliteration: eremo
Morphology: adjective/substantive, dative feminine singular
Gloss: wilderness, desert
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Deserted, desolate; wilderness as a substantive.
Occurrences: 327

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܓ̈ܠܝ ܐܝܟ ܝܪ̈ܘܪܐ ܬܕܝ̈ܗܝܢ̣ ܘܐܝܢܩ ܓܪ̈ܝܗܝܢ. ܗܘ̣ܬ ܒܪܬ ܥܡܝ ܠܡܚܘܬܐ̣ ܕܠܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܐܣܝܘܬܐ. ܘܐܝܟ ܢܥܡ̇ܐ ܒܡܕܒܪܐ ܰ

17 word entries

ܓ̈ܠܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܠܝ
Transliteration: gly
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 9

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܝܪ̈ܘܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܪܘܪܐ
Transliteration: yrwr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 5

ܬܕܝ̈ܗܝܢ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܕܝܗܝܢ
Transliteration: tdyhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܐܝܢܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܢܩ
Transliteration: w'ynq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܓܪ̈ܝܗܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܪܝܗܝܢ
Transliteration: gryhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܗܘ̣ܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܬ
Transliteration: hwt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 315

ܒܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܬ
Transliteration: brt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 105

ܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܝ
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 164

ܠܡܚܘܬܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܚܘܬܐ
Transliteration: lmhwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 3

ܕܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܝܬ
Transliteration: dlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 169

ܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܐܣܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܝܘܬܐ
Transliteration: 'sywt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 11

ܘܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܟ
Transliteration: w'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 326

ܢܥܡ̇ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܡܐ
Transliteration: n'm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܒܡܕܒܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܕܒܪܐ
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 94

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אַף בְּנָתָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל מְפַנְקְתָא לִבְנֵי עַמְמַיָּא דְדַמְיָּן לְחוּרְמָנָא טַלְעָן תְּדֵיהֶן וְרַבֵּי כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְעַמִּי מְסִירִין לְאַכְזְרָאִין וְאִמְהוֹן סַפְדָן עֲלֵיהוֹן כְּנַעֲמַיָּא בְּמַדְבְּרָא׃

20 word entries

אַף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אף
Transliteration: 'p
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 354

בְּנָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נתא
Transliteration: bnt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

דְיִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: dyshr'l
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss: of/that Israel
Occurrences: 2312

מְפַנְקְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פנקתא
Transliteration: mpnqt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

לִבְנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: lbny
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun plural construct
Gloss: to/for sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

עַמְמַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עממיא
Transliteration: 'mmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 635

דְדַמְיָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמין
Transliteration: ddmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

לְחוּרְמָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חורמנא
Transliteration: lchwrmn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

טַלְעָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טלען
Transliteration: tl'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

תְּדֵיהֶן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תדיהן
Transliteration: tdyhn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וְרַבֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבי
Transliteration: wrby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 27

כְּנִשְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשתא
Transliteration: knsht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 169

דְעַמִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: d'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 427

מְסִירִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סירין
Transliteration: msyryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

לְאַכְזְרָאִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אכזראין
Transliteration: l'kzr'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

וְאִמְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמהון
Transliteration: w'mhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

סַפְדָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספדן
Transliteration: spdn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

כְּנַעֲמַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נעמיא
Transliteration: kn'my'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

בְּמַדְבְּרָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מדברא
Transliteration: bmdbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 141

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ghimel Sed et lamiæ nudaverunt mammam, lactaverunt catulos suos: filia populi mei crudelis quasi struthio in deserto.

17 word entries

GIMEL

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Gimel
Transliteration: GIMEL
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

sed

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sed
Transliteration: sed
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1637

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

lamiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lamia
Transliteration: lamiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2

nudaverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nudo
Transliteration: nudaverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 27

mammam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mamma
Transliteration: mammam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 4

lactaverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lacto
Transliteration: lactaverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

catulos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: catulus
Transliteration: catulos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 26

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

filia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filia
Transliteration: filia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 566

populi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

mei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

crudelis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: crudelis
Transliteration: crudelis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 18

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

strutio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: strutium
Transliteration: strutio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

deserto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: desertum
Transliteration: deserto
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 196

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Chapter 4 of 5 Verse 3 of 22

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Lamentations 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Ezekiel 5:10

Lamentations 4:10

Lamentations 2:20

Jeremiah 19:9

Leviticus 26:29

Romans 1:31

Isaiah 49:15