Ecclesiastes 4

George Noyes Bible, Verse 3

Show original chapter

³ Yea, better than both of them is he who hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work which is done under the sun.

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 4:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 94

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְטוֹב֙ מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶ֖ן לֹ֣א הָיָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה הָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

17 word entries

וְטוֹב֙

Lemma: c/2896 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + adjective
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2896
Occurrences: 27

מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם

Lemma: m/8147
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8147
Occurrences: 10

אֵ֥ת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

אֲשֶׁר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

עֲדֶ֖ן

Lemma: 5728
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H5728
Occurrences: 2

לֹ֣א

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

הָיָ֑ה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

אֲשֶׁ֤ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

לֹֽא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

רָאָה֙

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה

Lemma: d/4639
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4639
Occurrences: 17

הָרָ֔ע

Lemma: d/7451 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + adjective
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7451
Occurrences: 103

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

נַעֲשָׂ֖ה

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

תַּ֥חַת

Lemma: 8478
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8478
Occurrences: 423

הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ

Lemma: d/8121
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H8121
Occurrences: 91

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀγαθὸς ὑπὲρ τοὺς δύο τούτους ὅστις οὔπω ἐγένετο, ὃς οὐκ εἶδε σὺν πᾶν τὸ ποίημα τὸ πονηρὸν τὸ πεποιημένον ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον.

23 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀγαθὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀγαθός
Transliteration: agathos
Morphology: adjective, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: good
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Good, beneficial, noble, or upright.
Occurrences: 290

ὑπὲρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπέρ
Transliteration: hyper
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: over, above, on behalf of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 395

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δύο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δύο
Transliteration: duo
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable or irregular
Gloss: two
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral two.
Occurrences: 520

τούτους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ὅστις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὅστις
Transliteration: ostis
Morphology: indefinite/interrogative pronoun pattern
Gloss: someone / who
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 78

οὔπω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οὔπω
Transliteration: oypo
Morphology: 1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss: I ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ἐγένετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egeneto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

ὃς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: who, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

εἶδε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁράω
Transliteration: eide
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it saw
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To see, perceive, or look at.
Occurrences: 768

σὺν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύν
Transliteration: syn
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition meaning with or together with.
Occurrences: 187

πᾶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ποίημα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποίημα
Transliteration: poiema
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πονηρὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πονηρός
Transliteration: poneron
Morphology: adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
Gloss: evil, wicked
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Evil, wicked, bad, or troublesome.
Occurrences: 198

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πεποιημένον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πεποιημένον
Transliteration: pepoiemenon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ὑπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπό
Transliteration: hypo
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: under, by
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of ὑπό.
Occurrences: 443

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἥλιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἥλιος
Transliteration: helios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: sun
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sun.
Occurrences: 177

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܛܒ ܕܝܢ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܡ̇ܢ ܕܥܕܟܝܠ ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܐ ܚܙܐ ܥܒܕܐ ܒܝܫܐ ܕܐܬܥܒܕ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܡܫܐ

17 word entries

ܛܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܒ
Transliteration: tb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 279

ܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢ
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 951

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܪܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: tryhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 63

ܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܠܝܢ
Transliteration: hlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 840

ܡ̇ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܕܥܕܟܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܕܟܝܠ
Transliteration: d'dkyl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 6

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1157

ܚܙܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܚܙܐ
Transliteration: hza
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: saw
Occurrences: 107

ܥܒܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܒܕܐ
Transliteration: 'bd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 209

ܒܝܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܫܐ
Transliteration: bysh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 122

ܕܐܬܥܒܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܬܥܒܕ
Transliteration: d't'bd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܬܚܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܚܝܬ
Transliteration: thyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 116

ܫܡܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܫܐ
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 99

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְשַׁפִּיר מִן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן יָת דְעוֹד כְּעַן לָא הֲוָה וְלָא אִתְבְּרִי בְּעָלְמָא דִי לָא חֲזָא יָת עוֹבָדָא בִּישָׁא דְאִתְעַבְדָא בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא׃

22 word entries

וְשַׁפִּיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שפיר
Transliteration: wshpyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 51

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

תַּרְוֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרויהון
Transliteration: trwyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

דְעוֹד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עוד
Transliteration: d'wd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 289

כְּעַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כען
Transliteration: k'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 555

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

הֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: hwh
Morphology: verbal root הוה
Gloss: was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

וְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולא
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1587

אִתְבְּרִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתברי
Transliteration: 'tbry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

בְּעָלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: b'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

חֲזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזא
Transliteration: chz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 80

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

עוֹבָדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובדא
Transliteration: 'wbd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 34

בִּישָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישא
Transliteration: bysh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 101

דְאִתְעַבְדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתעבדא
Transliteration: d't'bd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 5

בְּעָלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: b'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

הָדֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הדין
Transliteration: hdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 604

תְּחוֹת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תחות
Transliteration: tchwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 145

שִׁמְשָׁא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמשא
Transliteration: shmsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 136

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

et feliciorem utroque judicavi qui necdum natus est, nec vidit mala quæ sub sole fiunt.

15 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

feliciorem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: felix
Transliteration: feliciorem
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 6

utroque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uterque
Transliteration: utroque
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 138

iudicavi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudico
Transliteration: iudicavi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 351

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

necdum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: necdum
Transliteration: necdum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 24

natus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nascor
Transliteration: natus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 189

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

vidit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: vidit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

mala

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: malum
Transliteration: mala
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 129

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

sub

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sub
Transliteration: sub
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 330

sole

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sol
Transliteration: sole
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 201

fiunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fio
Transliteration: fiunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 449

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Chapter Previous Verse

Chapter 4 of 12 Verse 3 of 16

Next Chapter Next Verse

Ecclesiastes 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Luke 23:29

Matthew 24:19

Job 3:22

Ecclesiastes 2:17

Ecclesiastes 1:14