12 but these, as brute beasts, by nature born to be taken and destroyed, railing at things which they understand not, shall even perish in their own corruption,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Peter 2:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
79
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα φυσικὰ γεγενημένα εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν, ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσι βλασφημοῦντες, ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καταφθαρήσονται,
20 word entries
Οὗτοι
δέ
ὡς
ἄλογα
ζῷα
φυσικὰ
γεγενημένα
- Lemma
- gegenhmena
- Transliteration
- gegenhmena
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1096
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
ἅλωσιν
καὶ
φθοράν
ἐν
οἷς
ἀγνοοῦσι
βλασφημοῦντες
- Lemma
- blasfhmountev
- Transliteration
- blasfhmountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G987
- Occurrences
- 5
ἐν
τῇ
φθορᾷ
αὐτῶν
καταφθαρήσονται
- Lemma
- katafqarhsontai
- Transliteration
- katafqarhsontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second future passive indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2704
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν, ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες, ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καὶ φθαρήσονται,
21 word entries
καὶ
ἐν
ἐν
τῇ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܠܝܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܐܝܟ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܚܪܫܬܐ ܗܘܘ ܒܟܝܢܐ ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܚܒܠܐ ܟܕ ܒܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܡܓܕܦܝܢ ܒܚܒܠܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
17 word entries
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 451
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܕܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- d'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 37
ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hywt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܚܪܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܪܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hrsht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܒܟܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- bkyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܚܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- lhrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܠܚܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܚܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wlhbl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܒܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- b'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- yd'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 122
ܡܓܕܦܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܓܕܦܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mgdpyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 10
ܒܚܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܚܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bhbl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nthblwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hi vero velut irrationabilia pecora, naturaliter in captionem, et in perniciem in his quæ ignorant blasphemantes in corruptione sua peribunt,
21 word entries
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
vero
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uero
- Transliteration
- vero
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 537
velut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uelut
- Transliteration
- velut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 59
inrationabilia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- irrationabilis
- Transliteration
- inrationabilia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
pecora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pecus
- Transliteration
- pecora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
naturaliter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- naturaliter
- Transliteration
- naturaliter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 3
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
captionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- captio
- Transliteration
- captionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
perniciem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pernicies
- Transliteration
- perniciem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
his
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- his
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
ignorant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignoro
- Transliteration
- ignorant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 149
blasphemantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- blasphemo
- Transliteration
- blasphemantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 67
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
corruptione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corruptio
- Transliteration
- corruptione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 22
sua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
peribunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pereo
- Transliteration
- peribunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 250
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jude 1:10
But these rail at the things which they know not; but what things they understand naturally, as brute beasts, in these they corrupt themselves.
12 relevance votesJeremiah 12:3
But thou, O Jehovah, knowest me; Thou hast seen me, and tried my heart, Whether it be devoted to thee. Tear them away, as sheep for slaughter; Separate them for the day of slaughter!
7 relevance votes2 Peter 2:19
promising them liberty, while they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by what a man is overcome, by the same is he also brought into bondage.
5 relevance votesGalatians 6:8
for he that soweth to his flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit, shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.
5 relevance votesPsalms 92:6
But the unwise man knoweth not this, And the fool understandeth it not.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 10:21
For the shepherds have become brutish; They have not sought Jehovah; Therefore have they not prospered, And all their flock is dispersed.”
3 relevance votesJeremiah 10:8
They are all brutish and without understanding; A doctrine of vanities is the stock.
3 relevance votesProverbs 14:32
By his wickedness the wicked is thrust down; But the righteous hath hope even in death.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 4:22
My people is foolish, They have no regard to me; Stupid children are they, And have no understanding; They are wise to do evil, But for doing good they have no knowledge.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 5:4
Then I said, These are only the poor; They are foolish, because they know not the way of Jehovah, The law of their God.
2 relevance votes2 Peter 1:4
through which he hath given us exceedingly great and precious promises, that by these ye may become partakers of the Divine nature, having escaped from the corruption that is in the world through lust;
2 relevance votesPsalms 94:8
Be instructed, ye most stupid of mankind! O when, ye fools, will ye be wise?
2 relevance votes