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Septuagint in American English 2012

Numbers 22

Septuagint in American English 2012, Verse 40

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⁴⁰ And Balac offered sheep and calves, and sent to Balaam and to his princes who were with him.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Numbers 22:40. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 59

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּזְבַּ֥ח בָּלָ֖ק בָּקָ֣ר וָצֹ֑אן וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח לְבִלְעָ֔ם וְלַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃

9 word entries

וַיִּזְבַּ֥ח

Lemma: c/2076
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H2076
Occurrences: 49

בָּלָ֖ק

Lemma: 1111
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1111
Occurrences: 40

בָּקָ֣ר

Lemma: 1241
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1241
Occurrences: 88

וָצֹ֑אן

Lemma: c/6629
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6629
Occurrences: 30

וַיְשַׁלַּ֣ח

Lemma: c/7971
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 387

לְבִלְעָ֔ם

Lemma: l/1109 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1109
Occurrences: 4

וְלַשָּׂרִ֖ים

Lemma: c/l/8269
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8269
Occurrences: 6

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

אִתּֽוֹ

Lemma: 854
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H854
Occurrences: 674

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἔθυσε Βαλὰκ πρόβατα καὶ μόσχους, καὶ ἀπέστειλε τῷ Βαλαὰμ καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσι τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ.

16 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔθυσε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔθυσε
Transliteration: ethyse
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Βαλὰκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Βαλάκ
Transliteration: Balak
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Balak
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Balak, biblical royal personal name.
Occurrences: 53

πρόβατα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόβατον
Transliteration: probata
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: sheep
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sheep or flock animals.
Occurrences: 249

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μόσχους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μόσχος
Transliteration: moschous
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: calves, young bulls
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Calf, young bull, or young animal.
Occurrences: 152

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπέστειλε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀποστέλλω
Transliteration: apesteile
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it sent
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To send, send away, or commission.
Occurrences: 328

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Βαλαὰμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Βαλαάμ
Transliteration: Balaam
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Balaam
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Balaam, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 63

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄρχουσι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄρχουσι
Transliteration: archoysi
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μετʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: met
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וּנְכֵיס בָּלָק תּוֹרִין וְעָאן וּשְׁלַח לְבִלְעָם וּלְרַבְרְבַיָא דִי עִמֵיהּ

9 word entries

וּנְכֵיס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נכיס
Transliteration: wnkys
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

בָּלָק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בלק
Transliteration: blq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 40

תּוֹרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תורין
Transliteration: twryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 50

וְעָאן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עאן
Transliteration: w''n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

וּשְׁלַח

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלח
Transliteration: wshlch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 69

לְבִלְעָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בלעם
Transliteration: lbl'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 17

וּלְרַבְרְבַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לרברביא
Transliteration: wlrbrby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1640

עִמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמיה
Transliteration: 'myh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܟܣ ܒܠܩ ܬܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܥܢܐ. ܘܫܕܪ ܠܒܠܥܡ ܘܠܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ ܕܥܡܗ.

8 word entries

ܘܢܟܣ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܟܣ
Transliteration: wnks
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܒܠܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܩ
Transliteration: blq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 27

ܬܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܘܪܐ
Transliteration: twr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 91

ܘܥܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܢܐ
Transliteration: w'n'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 162

ܘܫܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܕܪ
Transliteration: wshdr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 204

ܠܒܠܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܠܥܡ
Transliteration: lbl'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 13

ܘܠܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܪܘܪܒܢܐ
Transliteration: wlrwrbn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

ܕܥܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܡܗ
Transliteration: d'mh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 112

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Cumque occidisset Balac boves et oves, misit ad Balaam, et principes qui cum eo erant, munera.

17 word entries

cumque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cumque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

{cumque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {cumque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

occidisset

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: occido
Transliteration: occidisset
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 370

Balac

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Balac
Transliteration: Balac
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 30

boves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: bos
Transliteration: boves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 227

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

oves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ouis
Transliteration: oves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 227

misit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mitto
Transliteration: misit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1165

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

Balaam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Baalam
Transliteration: Balaam
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 43

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

principes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

erant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

munera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: munus
Transliteration: munera
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 118

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Numbers 22

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Ranked cross references

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