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King James Version

Proverbs 21

King James Version, Verse 24

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²⁴ Proud and haughty scorner is his name, who dealeth in proud wrath.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 21:24. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 41

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

זֵ֣ד יָ֭הִיר לֵ֣ץ שְׁמ֑וֹ ע֝וֹשֶׂ֗ה בְּעֶבְרַ֥ת זָדֽוֹן׃

7 word entries

זֵ֣ד

Lemma: 2086
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H2086
Occurrences: 11

יָ֭הִיר

Lemma: 3093
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3093
Occurrences: 2

לֵ֣ץ

Lemma: 3887
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3887
Occurrences: 19

שְׁמ֑וֹ

Lemma: 8034
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8034
Occurrences: 521

ע֝וֹשֶׂ֗ה

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

בְּעֶבְרַ֥ת

Lemma: b/5678
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5678
Occurrences: 8

זָדֽוֹן

Lemma: 2087
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2087
Occurrences: 7

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Θρασὺς καὶ αὐθάδης καὶ ἀλαζὼν λοιμὸς καλεῖται, ὃς δὲ μνησικακεῖ παράνομος.

11 word entries

Θρασὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θρασὺς
Transliteration: thrasys
Morphology: nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

αὐθάδης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: αὐθάδης
Transliteration: aythades
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀλαζὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀλαζὼν
Transliteration: alazon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

λοιμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λοιμὸς
Transliteration: loimos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καλεῖται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καλεῖται
Transliteration: kaleitai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ὃς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: who, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

μνησικακεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μνησικακεῖ
Transliteration: mnesikakei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

παράνομος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παράνομος
Transliteration: paranomos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܪܚܐ ܕܥܫܝܢ ܫܡܗ ܥܒܕ ܥܘ̣ܠܐ ܒܐܟܬܗ

6 word entries

ܡܪܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܪܚܐ
Transliteration: mrh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܕܥܫܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܫܝܢ
Transliteration: d'shyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 12

ܫܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܗ
Transliteration: shmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 146

ܥܒܕ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܒܕ
Transliteration: abad
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 334

ܥܘ̣ܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܠܐ
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 232

ܒܐܟܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܐܟܬܗ
Transliteration: b'kth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מְמִיקְנָא מְרִיחָא זֵידָנָא שְׁמֵיהּ עָבֵד חֶרְיָנָא בְּזֵידָנוּתֵיהּ׃

7 word entries

מְמִיקְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיקנא
Transliteration: mmyqn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

מְרִיחָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ריחא
Transliteration: mrych'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

זֵידָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זידנא
Transliteration: zydn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

שְׁמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמיה
Transliteration: shmyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 125

עָבֵד

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: 'bd
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

חֶרְיָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חרינא
Transliteration: chryn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

בְּזֵידָנוּתֵיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זידנותיה
Transliteration: bzydnwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Superbus et arrogans vocatur indoctus, qui in ira operatur superbiam.

10 word entries

superbus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: superbus
Transliteration: superbus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 63

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

arrogans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: arrogans
Transliteration: arrogans
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 3

vocatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uoco
Transliteration: vocatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 652

indoctus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: indoctus
Transliteration: indoctus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 9

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

ira

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ira
Transliteration: ira
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 265

operatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: operor
Transliteration: operatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 234

superbiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: superbia
Transliteration: superbiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 102

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 1:1

Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.

6 relevance votes

Proverbs 19:29

Judgments are prepared for scorners, and stripes for the back of fools.

3 relevance votes

Proverbs 18:12

Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility.

3 relevance votes

Proverbs 1:22

How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?

3 relevance votes

Matthew 2:16

¶ Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.

3 relevance votes

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Proverbs 21

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 1:1

Proverbs 19:29

Proverbs 18:12

Proverbs 1:22

Matthew 2:16

Proverbs 16:18

Jeremiah 48:29

Isaiah 16:6

Proverbs 6:17