Lamentations 1

King James Version, Verse 17

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¹⁷ Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 1:17. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 125

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ ס

15 word entries

פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה

Lemma: 6566
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6566
Occurrences: 31

צִיּ֜וֹן

Lemma: 6726
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6726
Occurrences: 107

בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ

Lemma: b/3027
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender dual construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 546

אֵ֤ין

Lemma: 369
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 460

מְנַחֵם֙

Lemma: 5162
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5162
Occurrences: 57

לָ֔הּ

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

צִוָּ֧ה

Lemma: 6680
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6680
Occurrences: 398

יְהוָ֛ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב

Lemma: l/3290
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 36

סְבִיבָ֣יו

Lemma: 5439
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5439
Occurrences: 282

צָרָ֑יו

Lemma: 6862 c
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6862
Occurrences: 53

הָיְתָ֧ה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם

Lemma: 3389
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3389
Occurrences: 350

לְנִדָּ֖ה

Lemma: l/5079
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5079
Occurrences: 3

בֵּינֵיהֶֽם

Lemma: 996
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H996
Occurrences: 235

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ΦΗ. Διεπέτασε Σιὼν χεῖρα αὐτῆς, οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ παρακαλῶν αὐτήν· ἐνετείλατο Κύριος τῷ Ἰακὼβ, κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ οἱ θλίβοντες αὐτόν· ἐγενήθη Ἱερουσαλὴμ εἰς ἀποκαθημένην ἀναμέσον αὐτῶν.

25 word entries

ΦΗ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φη
Transliteration: phe
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Διεπέτασε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διεπέτασε
Transliteration: diepetase
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Σιὼν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σιών
Transliteration: Sion
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Zion
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Zion.
Occurrences: 181

χεῖρα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: χείρ
Transliteration: cheir
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: hand
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Hand or power.
Occurrences: 1718

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔστιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: estin
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

παρακαλῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρακαλῶν
Transliteration: parakalon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

αὐτήν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐνετείλατο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐντέλλομαι
Transliteration: eneteilato
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it commanded
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To command, order, or instruct.
Occurrences: 257

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰακὼβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰακώβ
Transliteration: Iakob
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jacob
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jacob.
Occurrences: 392

κύκλῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύκλος
Transliteration: kyklo
Morphology: dative singular used adverbially
Gloss: around, round about
Part of Speech: noun/adverb
Definition: Circle, circuit, or around.
Occurrences: 229

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θλίβοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θλίβοντες
Transliteration: thlibontes
Morphology: present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
Gloss: doing/being ...
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

αὐτόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐγενήθη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γίνομαι
Transliteration: egenethe
Morphology: verb, aorist passive/deponent indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it became, happened
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences: 1418

Ἱερουσαλὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἱερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: Hierousalem
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jerusalem
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jerusalem.
Occurrences: 763

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

ἀποκαθημένην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀποκαθημένην
Transliteration: apokathemenen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἀναμέσον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀναμέσον
Transliteration: anameson
Morphology: adverb/preposition
Gloss: between, in the midst
Part of Speech: adverb/preposition
Definition: Between or in the midst of.
Occurrences: 263

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܦܪܣ̣ܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ ܐ̈ܝܕܝܗ̣̇ ܘܠܝܬ ܠܗ̇ ܡܒܝܐܢܐ. ܦܩ̣ܕ ܡܪܝܐ ܥܠ ܝܥܩܘܒ̣ ܘܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ ܐ̈ܠܘܨܘܗܝ. ܗܘ̣ܬ̇ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܢܕܬܐ ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ ܰ •

17 word entries

ܦܪܣ̣ܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܪܣܬ
Transliteration: prst
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܨܗܝܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܗܝܘܢ
Transliteration: shywn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 71

ܐ̈ܝܕܝܗ̣̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܕܝܗ
Transliteration: 'ydyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 12

ܘܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܝܬ
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 221

ܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܡܒܝܐܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܒܝܐܢܐ
Transliteration: mby'n'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 11

ܦܩ̣ܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܩܕ
Transliteration: pqd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 82

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܝܥܩܘܒ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܥܩܘܒ
Transliteration: y'qwb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܘܚܕܪ̈ܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܕܪܘܗܝ
Transliteration: whdrwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐ̈ܠܘܨܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܠܘܨܘܗܝ
Transliteration: 'lwswhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܗܘ̣ܬ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܬ
Transliteration: hwt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 315

ܐܘܪܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Transliteration: 'wrshlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 168

ܢܕܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܕܬܐ
Transliteration: ndt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܢܬܗܘܢ
Transliteration: bynthwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 33

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

פִּרְסַת צִיּוֹן יְדָהָא מִן עַקְתָא הֵיכְמָא דִמְפַרְסָא אִיתְּתָא עַל מַתְבְּרָא בְּגִינַת וְלֵית דְמַלֵּיל תַּנְחוּמִין עַל לִבָּהּ פַקֵּד יְיָ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב פִּיקוּדַיָּא וְאוֹרַיְיתָא לְמִינְטַר וְהִינוּן עָבְרוּ עַל גְזֵירַת מֵימְרֵיהּ בְּגִין כֵּן אִסְתַּחֲרוּ חֲזוֹר חֲזוֹר לְיַעֲקֹב מְעִיקוֹהִי הֲוַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם דַמְיָא לְאִתְּתָא מְרַחֲקָא בֵּינֵיהוֹן׃

41 word entries

פִּרְסַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרסת
Transliteration: prst
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 25

צִיּוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ציון
Transliteration: tsywn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 154

יְדָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידהא
Transliteration: ydh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

עַקְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עקתא
Transliteration: 'qt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 33

הֵיכְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכמא
Transliteration: hykm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 69

דִמְפַרְסָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מפרסא
Transliteration: dmprs'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אִיתְּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: איתתא
Transliteration: 'ytt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

מַתְבְּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תברא
Transliteration: mtbr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

בְּגִינַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גינת
Transliteration: bgynt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

וְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 629

דְמַלֵּיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מליל
Transliteration: dmlyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 122

תַּנְחוּמִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תנחומין
Transliteration: tnchwmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 15

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

לִבָּהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבה
Transliteration: lbh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

פַקֵּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פקד
Transliteration: pqd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 133

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

לְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: to/for house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 169

פִּיקוּדַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פיקודיא
Transliteration: pyqwdy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

וְאוֹרַיְיתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אורייתא
Transliteration: w'wryyt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 19

לְמִינְטַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מינטר
Transliteration: lmyntr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

וְהִינוּן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הינון
Transliteration: whynwn
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + personal pronoun plural
Gloss: and they
Occurrences: 9

עָבְרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עברו
Transliteration: 'brw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 83

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

גְזֵירַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזירת
Transliteration: gzyrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 49

מֵימְרֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימריה
Transliteration: mymryh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 45

בְּגִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גין
Transliteration: bgyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 102

כֵּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כן
Transliteration: kn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 422

אִסְתַּחֲרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתחרו
Transliteration: 'stchrw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

חֲזוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזור
Transliteration: chzwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 96

חֲזוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חזור
Transliteration: chzwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 96

לְיַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: ly'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 169

מְעִיקוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיקוהי
Transliteration: m'yqwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

הֲוַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הות
Transliteration: hwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 264

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

דַמְיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיא
Transliteration: dmy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 233

לְאִתְּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתתא
Transliteration: l'tt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 180

מְרַחֲקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחקא
Transliteration: mrchq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

בֵּינֵיהוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יניהון
Transliteration: bynyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 61

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Phe Expandit Sion manus suas; non est qui consoletur eam. Mandavit Dominus adversum Jacob in circuitu ejus hostes ejus; facta est Jerusalem quasi polluta menstruis inter eos.

27 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ferio
Transliteration: FE
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 20

expandit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: expando
Transliteration: expandit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 44

Sion

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sion
Transliteration: Sion
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 174

manus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

suas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suas
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

consoletur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: consolor
Transliteration: consoletur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 94

eam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

mandavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mando
Transliteration: mandavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 118

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

adversum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aduersus
Transliteration: adversum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 428

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

circuitu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: circuitus
Transliteration: circuitu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 259

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

hostes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hostis
Transliteration: hostes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 125

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

facta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: facta
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Hierusalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ierusalem
Transliteration: Hierusalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 27

quasi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quasi
Transliteration: quasi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 989

polluta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: polluo
Transliteration: polluta
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 146

menstruis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: menstruus
Transliteration: menstruis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

inter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inter
Transliteration: inter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 502

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Jeremiah 4:31

For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, and the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that bewaileth herself, that spreadeth her hands, saying , Woe is me now! for my soul is wearied because of murderers.

6 relevance votes

Isaiah 1:15

And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

5 relevance votes

Lamentations 1:9

Her filthiness is in her skirts; she remembereth not her last end; therefore she came down wonderfully: she had no comforter. O LORD , behold my affliction: for the enemy hath magnified himself .

4 relevance votes

2 Kings 25:1

And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about.

3 relevance votes

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Lamentations 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Jeremiah 4:31

Isaiah 1:15

Lamentations 1:9

2 Kings 25:1

Jeremiah 34:22

Lamentations 1:16

Lamentations 1:19

Hosea 8:8

Ezekiel 36:17

1 Kings 8:22

Jeremiah 16:6

Lamentations 1:21