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King James Version

Genesis 21

King James Version, Verse 1

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¹ And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 21:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 59

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַֽיהוָ֛ה פָּקַ֥ד אֶת־שָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמָ֑ר וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהוָ֛ה לְשָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃

11 word entries

וַֽיהוָ֛ה

Lemma: c/3068
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 100

פָּקַ֥ד

Lemma: 6485 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6485
Occurrences: 179

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

שָׂרָ֖ה

Lemma: 8283
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8283
Occurrences: 29

כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר

Lemma: k/834 d
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle relative
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 496

אָמָ֑ר

Lemma: 559
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 1301

וַיַּ֧עַשׂ

Lemma: c/6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 692

יְהוָ֛ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

לְשָׂרָ֖ה

Lemma: l/8283
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8283
Occurrences: 4

כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר

Lemma: k/834 d
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle relative
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 496

דִּבֵּֽר

Lemma: 1696
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 702

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ Κύριος ἐπεσκέψατο τὴν Σάῤῥαν, καθὰ εἶπε· καὶ ἐποίησε Κύριος τῇ Σάῥῥᾳ, καθὰ ἐλάλησε.

14 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἐπεσκέψατο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπεσκέψατο
Transliteration: epeskepsato
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Σάῤῥαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Σάῤῥαν
Transliteration: saan
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Σάῤῥαν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

καθὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καθά
Transliteration: katha
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, just as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 107

εἶπε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐποίησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ποιέω
Transliteration: epoiese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it made, did
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To make, do, perform, or produce.
Strong's: G4160
Occurrences: 2253

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Σάῥῥᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σάῥῥᾳ
Transliteration: saa
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καθὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καθά
Transliteration: katha
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, just as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 107

ἐλάλησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαλέω
Transliteration: elalese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it spoke
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To speak, say, or talk.
Occurrences: 734

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וַיְיָ דְּכִיר יָת שָׂרָה כְּמָא דִּי אֲמַר וַעֲבַד יְיָ לְשָׂרָה כְּמָא דִּי מַלִּיל

13 word entries

וַיְיָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ויי
Transliteration: wyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 19

דְּכִיר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כיר
Transliteration: dkyr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 19

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

שָׂרָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרה
Transliteration: shrh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 42

כְּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כמא
Transliteration: km'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 194

דִּי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1640

אֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mr
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 1144

וַעֲבַד

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: w'bd
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: and made, did, served
Occurrences: 321

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 1694

לְשָׂרָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרה
Transliteration: lshrh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 42

כְּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כמא
Transliteration: km'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 194

דִּי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1640

מַלִּיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליל
Transliteration: mlyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 128

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܡܪܝܐ ܐܬܕܟܪ ܠܣܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܡ̣ܪ. ܘܥܒ̣ܕ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܣܪܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܡܠܠ .

10 word entries

ܘܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WMRJ>
Morphology: W-MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܬܕܟܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >TDKR
Morphology: @>T@DKR[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܣܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LSR>
Morphology: L-SR>/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JK
Morphology: >JK
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܡ̣ܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>M#R
Morphology: D->MR[
Occurrences: 0

ܘܥܒ̣ܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<B#D
Morphology: W-<BD[
Occurrences: 0

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MRJ>
Morphology: MRJ>/
Occurrences: 0

ܠܣܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LSR>
Morphology: L-SR>/
Occurrences: 0

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >JK
Morphology: >JK
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܠܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DMLL
Morphology: D-MLL[:d
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Visitavit autem Dominus Saram, sicut promiserat: et implevit quæ locutus est.

11 word entries

visitavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uisito
Transliteration: visitavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 98

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Sarram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sarra
Transliteration: Sarram
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 44

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

promiserat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: promitto
Transliteration: promiserat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 54

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

implevit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: impleo
Transliteration: implevit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 261

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

locutus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: loquor
Transliteration: locutus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1543

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Genesis 21

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Ranked cross references

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Genesis 18:10

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Matthew 24:35

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Exodus 4:31

Genesis 17:16