2 Samuel 8

King James Version, Verse 18

Show original chapter Compare this chapter

¹⁸ And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were chief rulers.

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 8:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּבְנָיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י וּבְנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד כֹּהֲנִ֥ים הָיֽוּ׃ פ

9 word entries

וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ֙

Lemma: c/1141
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1141
Occurrences: 17

בֶּן

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

יְה֣וֹיָדָ֔ע

Lemma: 3077
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3077
Occurrences: 46

וְהַכְּרֵתִ֖י

Lemma: c/d/3774
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3774
Occurrences: 4

וְהַפְּלֵתִ֑י

Lemma: c/d/6432
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6432
Occurrences: 5

וּבְנֵ֥י

Lemma: c/1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 358

דָוִ֖ד

Lemma: 1732
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1732
Occurrences: 847

כֹּהֲנִ֥ים

Lemma: 3548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3548
Occurrences: 96

הָיֽוּ

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καὶ Βαναίας υἱὸς Ἰωδαὲ σύμβουλος· καὶ ὁ Χελεθὶ, καὶ ὁ Φελετὶ, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Δαυὶδ αὐλάρχαι ἦσαν.

17 word entries

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

Βαναίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βαναίας
Transliteration: banaias
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

υἱὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Ἰωδαὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰωδαέ
Transliteration: Iodae
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Joiada
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Joiada/Jehoiada, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 58

σύμβουλος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σύμβουλος
Transliteration: symboylos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Χελεθὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χελεθὶ
Transliteration: chelethi
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Φελετὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: φελετὶ
Transliteration: pheleti
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

υἱοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Δαυὶδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δαυίδ
Transliteration: David
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: David
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: David.
Occurrences: 1047

αὐλάρχαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: αὐλάρχαι
Transliteration: aylarchai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἦσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esan
Morphology: verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they were
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܒܢܝܐ ܒܪ ܝܘܝܕܥ ܥܠ ܚܐܪ̈ܐ ܘܥܠ ܦܠܚ̈ܐ ܘܒܢ̈ܝ ܕܘܝܕ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ

11 word entries

ܘܒܢܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܢܝܐ
Transliteration: wbny'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 38

ܒܪ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܒܪ
Transliteration: bar
Morphology: noun, masculine construct singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 1284

ܝܘܝܕܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܝܕܥ
Transliteration: ywyd'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 53

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܚܐܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܐܪܐ
Transliteration: h'r'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 19

ܘܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܠ
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 687

ܦܠܚ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܠܚܐ
Transliteration: plh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܘܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܢܝ
Transliteration: wbny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 127

ܕܘܝܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܘܝܕ
Transliteration: dwyd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 617

ܪ̈ܘܪܒܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܘܪܒܝܢ
Transliteration: rwrbyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 5

ܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܘ
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1064

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּבְנָיָהוּ בַּר יְהוֹיָדָע מְמַנָא עַל קַשְׁתַּיָא וְעַל קַלְעֲיָא וּבְנֵי דָוִד רַבְרְבִין הֲווֹ׃

12 word entries

וּבְנָיָהוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בניהו
Transliteration: wbnyhw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 14

בַּר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: br
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 2734

יְהוֹיָדָע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהוידע
Transliteration: yhwyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 52

מְמַנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מנא
Transliteration: mmn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 114

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

קַשְׁתַּיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קשתיא
Transliteration: qshty'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

וְעַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועל
Transliteration: w'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 516

קַלְעֲיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלעיא
Transliteration: ql'y'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

וּבְנֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: wbny
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + noun plural construct
Gloss: and sons, children of
Occurrences: 2734

דָוִד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דוד
Transliteration: dwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1106

רַבְרְבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רברבין
Transliteration: rbrbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 40

הֲווֹ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הוו
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 399

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Banaias autem filius Jojadæ super Cerethi et Phelethi: filii autem David sacerdotes erant.

13 word entries

Banaias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Banaias
Transliteration: Banaias
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 34

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

filius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filius
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

Ioiada

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ioas
Transliteration: Ioiada
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 194

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

Cherethi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Cherethus
Transliteration: Cherethi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 7

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Felethi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Pelethus
Transliteration: Felethi
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 7

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

David

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Dauid
Transliteration: David
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1095

sacerdotes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sacerdos
Transliteration: sacerdotes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 777

erant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Chapter Previous Verse

Chapter 8 of 24 Verse 18 of 18

Next Chapter

2 Samuel 8

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

1 Samuel 30:14

2 Samuel 20:23

2 Samuel 15:18

1 Chronicles 18:17

2 Samuel 20:7

1 Kings 1:38

1 Kings 1:44

Zephaniah 2:5

Ezekiel 25:16

1 Kings 4:4

2 Samuel 20:26