2 Samuel 21

King James Version, Verse 11

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¹¹ And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 21:11. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 63

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לְדָוִ֑ד אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָ֛ה רִצְפָּ֥ה בַת־אַיָּ֖ה פִּלֶ֥גֶשׁ שָׁאֽוּל׃

10 word entries

וַיֻּגַּ֖ד

Lemma: c/5046
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hophal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5046
Occurrences: 165

לְדָוִ֑ד

Lemma: l/1732
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1732
Occurrences: 158

אֵ֧ת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

אֲשֶׁר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

עָשְׂתָ֛ה

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

רִצְפָּ֥ה

Lemma: 7532
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7532
Occurrences: 4

בַת

Lemma: 1323
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1323
Occurrences: 388

אַיָּ֖ה

Lemma: 345
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H345
Occurrences: 5

פִּלֶ֥גֶשׁ

Lemma: 6370
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6370
Occurrences: 22

שָׁאֽוּל

Lemma: 7586
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7586
Occurrences: 353

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἀπηγγέλη τῷ Δαυὶδ ὅσα ἐποίησε Ῥεσφὰ θυγάτηρ Ἁϊᾶ παλλακὴ Σαούλ· καὶ ἐξελύθησαν, καὶ κατέλαβεν αὐτοὺς Δὰν υἱὸς Ἰωὰ ἐκ τῶν ἀπογόνων τῶν γιγάντων.

24 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπηγγέλη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπηγγέλη
Transliteration: apeggele
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Δαυὶδ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δαυίδ
Transliteration: David
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: David
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: David.
Occurrences: 1047

ὅσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅσος
Transliteration: hosa
Morphology: relative adjective/pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
Gloss: as many as, whatever
Part of Speech: relative adjective/pronoun
Definition: As much as, as many as.
Occurrences: 516

ἐποίησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ποιέω
Transliteration: epoiese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it made, did
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To make, do, perform, or produce.
Strong's: G4160
Occurrences: 2253

Ῥεσφὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ῥεσφὰ
Transliteration: espha
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

θυγάτηρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυγάτηρ
Transliteration: thygater
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: daughter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Daughter or female descendant.
Occurrences: 506

Ἁϊᾶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἁϊᾶ
Transliteration: aia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

παλλακὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παλλακὴ
Transliteration: pallake
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

Σαούλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σαούλ
Transliteration: Saoul
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Saul
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Saul, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 380

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξελύθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξελύθησαν
Transliteration: exelythesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κατέλαβεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατέλαβεν
Transliteration: katelaben
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Δὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Δάν
Transliteration: Dan
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Dan
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Dan, a patriarchal and tribal name.
Occurrences: 75

υἱὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Ἰωὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἰωὰ
Transliteration: ioa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀπογόνων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀπογόνων
Transliteration: apogonon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γιγάντων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γιγάντων
Transliteration: giganton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܚܘܝܘ ܠܕܘܝܕ ܡܕܡ ܕܥܒܕܬ ܪܨܦܐ ܒܪܬ ܐܢܐ ܕܪܘܟܬܗ ܕܫܐܘܠ

9 word entries

ܘܚܘܝܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܘܝܘ
Transliteration: whwyw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 37

ܠܕܘܝܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܕܘܝܕ
Transliteration: ldwyd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 181

ܡܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܕܡ
Transliteration: mdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 406

ܕܥܒܕܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܒܕܬ
Transliteration: d'bdt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 61

ܪܨܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܨܦܐ
Transliteration: rsp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 4

ܒܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܬ
Transliteration: brt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 105

ܐܢܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܢܐ
Transliteration: ena
Morphology: personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss: I
Occurrences: 1289

ܕܪܘܟܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܘܟܬܗ
Transliteration: drwkth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 8

ܕܫܐܘܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܫܐܘܠ
Transliteration: dsh'wl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 55

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאִתְחַוָא לְדָוִד יַת דַעֲבָדִית רִצְפָּה בַּת אַיָה לְחֵינָתָא דְשָׁאוּל׃

9 word entries

וְאִתְחַוָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתחוא
Transliteration: w'tchw'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

לְדָוִד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דוד
Transliteration: ldwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1106

יַת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 4303

דַעֲבָדִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עבדית
Transliteration: d'bdyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 73

רִצְפָּה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רצפה
Transliteration: rtsph
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

בַּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בת
Transliteration: bt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 65

אַיָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: איה
Transliteration: 'yh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

לְחֵינָתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חינתא
Transliteration: lchynt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

דְשָׁאוּל׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שאול
Transliteration: dsh'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 424

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et nuntiata sunt David quæ fecerat Respha filia Aja, concubina Saul.

11 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

nuntiata

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nuntio
Transliteration: nuntiata
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 184

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

David

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Dauid
Transliteration: David
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 1095

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

fecerat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: fecerat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

Respha

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Respha
Transliteration: Respha
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 4

filia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filia
Transliteration: filia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 566

Ahia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ahia
Transliteration: Ahia
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 19

concubina

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: concubina
Transliteration: concubina
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 28

Saul

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Saul
Transliteration: Saul
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 388

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

2 Samuel 2:4

And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabesh-gilead were they that buried Saul.

2 relevance votes

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