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JPS Tanakh 1917

Psalms 22

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 12

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¹² (22-13) Many bulls have encompassed me; strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 22:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 7

Word Entries 51

Editorial Notes 2

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַל־תִּרְחַ֣ק מִ֭מֶּנִּי כִּי־צָרָ֣ה קְרוֹבָ֑ה כִּי־אֵ֥ין עוֹזֵֽר׃

9 word entries

אַל

Lemma: 408
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H408
Occurrences: 576

תִּרְחַ֣ק

Lemma: 7368
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7368
Occurrences: 52

מִ֭מֶּנִּי

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

צָרָ֣ה

Lemma: 6869 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6869
Occurrences: 50

קְרוֹבָ֑ה

Lemma: 7138
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7138
Occurrences: 49

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

אֵ֥ין

Lemma: 369
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 460

עוֹזֵֽר

Lemma: 5826
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5826
Occurrences: 48

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 21:12 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Μὴ ἀποστῇς ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ· ὅτι θλίψις ἐγγὺς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ βοηθῶν.

12 word entries

Μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

ἀποστῇς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀποστῇς
Transliteration: aposts
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ἀπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: ap
Morphology: preposition with genitive, elided form
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

ἐμοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

θλίψις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θλίψις
Transliteration: thlipsis
Morphology: nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

ἐγγὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγγύς
Transliteration: engys
Morphology: adverb/adjective
Gloss: near
Part of Speech: adverb/adjective
Definition: Near, close, nearby.
Occurrences: 42

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔστιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: estin
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

βοηθῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βοηθῶν
Transliteration: boethon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܠܐ ܬܪܚܩ ܡܢܝ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܘܠܨܢܐ ܩܪܒ ܘܠܝܬ ܕܡܥܕܪ

8 word entries

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܪܚܩ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TRXQ
Morphology: !T!RXQ[
Occurrences: 0

ܡܢܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MNJ
Morphology: MN-J
Occurrences: 0

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܐܘܠܨܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: D>WLYN>
Morphology: D->WLYN/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܩܪܒ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QRB
Morphology: QRB[
Occurrences: 0

ܘܠܝܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WLJT
Morphology: W-L(>-(>JT(J/
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܥܕܪ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DM<DR
Morphology: D-!M!<DR[/:d
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לָא תִתְרָחֵיק מִנִי מְטוּל דְעַקְתָא קְרֵיבָא אֲרוּם לֵית פָּרִיק׃

9 word entries

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תִתְרָחֵיק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תתרחיק
Transliteration: ttrchyq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

מִנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מני
Transliteration: mny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 268

מְטוּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טול
Transliteration: mtwl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 322

דְעַקְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עקתא
Transliteration: d'qt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 33

קְרֵיבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קריבא
Transliteration: qryb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 9

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

לֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: lyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 629

פָּרִיק׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פריק
Transliteration: pryq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 52

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Shown from source reference 21:12 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

ne discesseris a me, quoniam tribulatio proxima est, quoniam non est qui adjuvet.

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ne
Transliteration: ne
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1109

discesseris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: discedo
Transliteration: discesseris
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 64

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

tribulatio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tribulatio
Transliteration: tribulatio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 141

proxima

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propior
Transliteration: proxima
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 158

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

adiuvet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adiuuo
Transliteration: adiuvet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 68

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Latin Vulgate Alignment Note English · Latin Vulgate Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Clementine Vulgate source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 22

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Ranked cross references

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