23 A man's pride shall bring him low; but he that is of a lowly spirit shall attain to honour.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 29:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
41
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
גַּאֲוַ֣ת אָ֭דָם תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּ וּשְׁפַל־ר֝֗וּחַ יִתְמֹ֥ךְ כָּבֽוֹד׃
7 word entries
גַּאֲוַ֣ת
אָ֭דָם
תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּ
וּשְׁפַל
ר֝֗וּחַ
יִתְמֹ֥ךְ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ὕβρις ἄνδρα ταπεινοῖ, τοὺς δὲ ταπεινόφρονας ἐρείδει δόξῃ Κύριος.
9 word entries
Ὕβρις
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ὕβρις
- Transliteration
- ybris
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ὕβρις
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
ἄνδρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀνήρ
- Transliteration
- andra
- Morphology
- noun, masculine accusative singular
- Gloss
- man, husband
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Man, male, husband.
- Occurrences
- 1573
ταπεινοῖ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ταπεινοῖ
- Transliteration
- tapeinoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
τοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ταπεινόφρονας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ταπεινόφρονας
- Transliteration
- tapeinophronas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐρείδει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐρείδει
- Transliteration
- ereidei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
δόξῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δόξα
- Transliteration
- doxa
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- glory, honor
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Glory, honor, reputation, or splendor.
- Occurrences
- 402
Κύριος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܪܡܘܬܗ ܕܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ܬܡܟܟܝܘܗܝ ܘܡܟܝܟܘܬܗ ܬܣܓܐ ܠܗ ܐܝܩܪܐ
8 word entries
ܪܡܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܡܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- rmwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܒܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܪ
- Transliteration
- dbr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 39
ܐܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- 'nsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 290
ܬܡܟܟܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܡܟܟܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- tmkkywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܡܟܝܟܘܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܟܝܟܘܬܗ
- Transliteration
- wmkykwth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܬܣܓܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܣܓܐ
- Transliteration
- tsg'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2252
ܐܝܩܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܩܪܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yqr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 43
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
רָמוּתָא דְבַר נָשָׁא תַּשְׁפְּלִנֵיהּ וּמַן דְמַכִּיכָא רוּחֵיהּ נִפְלֵג יְקָרָא׃
9 word entries
רָמוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רמותא
- Transliteration
- rmwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
דְבַר
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- דבר
- Transliteration
- dbr
- Morphology
- verbal root דבר
- Gloss
- led, took, brought
- Occurrences
- 132
נָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נשא
- Transliteration
- nsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 118
תַּשְׁפְּלִנֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תשפלניה
- Transliteration
- tshplnyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
וּמַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ומן
- Transliteration
- wmn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 310
דְמַכִּיכָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מכיכא
- Transliteration
- dmkyk'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
רוּחֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רוחיה
- Transliteration
- rwchyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 21
נִפְלֵג
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נפלג
- Transliteration
- nplg
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
יְקָרָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יקרא
- Transliteration
- yqr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 111
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Superbum sequitur humilitas, et humilem spiritu suscipiet gloria.
8 word entries
superbum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superbus
- Transliteration
- superbum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 63
sequitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sequor
- Transliteration
- sequitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 281
humilitas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- humilitas
- Transliteration
- humilitas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
humilem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- humilis
- Transliteration
- humilem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 66
spiritu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- spiritus
- Transliteration
- spiritu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 709
suscipiet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suscipio
- Transliteration
- suscipiet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 184
gloria
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gloria
- Transliteration
- gloria
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 23:12
201 relevance votesLuke 14:11
158 relevance votesProverbs 11:2
When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom.
140 relevance votesIsaiah 66:2
For all these things hath My hand made, and so all these things came to be, saith the LORD; but on this man will I look, even on him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at My word.
136 relevance votes1 Peter 5:5
109 relevance votesProverbs 15:33
The fear of the LORD is the instruction of wisdom; and before honour goeth humility.
103 relevance votesProverbs 16:18
Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.
94 relevance votesLuke 18:14
86 relevance votesProverbs 18:12
Before destruction the heart of a man is haughty, and before honour goeth humility.
77 relevance votesMatthew 18:4
66 relevance votesIsaiah 57:15
For thus saith the High and Lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy: I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.
64 relevance votesDeuteronomy 8:16
who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that He might afflict thee, and that He might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end;
58 relevance votes