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JPS Tanakh 1917

Proverbs 26

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 2

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² As the wandering sparrow, as the flying swallow, so the curse that is causeless shall come home.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 26:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כַּצִּפּ֣וֹר לָ֭נוּד כַּדְּר֣וֹר לָע֑וּף כֵּ֥ן קִֽלְלַ֥ת חִ֝נָּ֗ם לא תָבֹֽא׃

10 word entries

כַּצִּפּ֣וֹר

Lemma: k/6833
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6833
Occurrences: 8

לָ֭נוּד

Lemma: l/5110
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5110
Occurrences: 4

כַּדְּר֣וֹר

Lemma: k/1866
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1866
Occurrences: 1

לָע֑וּף

Lemma: l/5774 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5774
Occurrences: 1

כֵּ֥ן

Lemma: 3651 c
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3651
Occurrences: 502

קִֽלְלַ֥ת

Lemma: 7045
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7045
Occurrences: 12

חִ֝נָּ֗ם

Lemma: 2600
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H2600
Occurrences: 31

לא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

ל֣וֹ

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

תָבֹֽא

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὥσπερ ὄρνεα πέταται καὶ στρουθοί, οὕτως ἀρὰ ματαία οὐκ ἐπελεύσεται οὐδενί.

11 word entries

Ὥσπερ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὥσπερ
Transliteration: hosper
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: just as, as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 236

ὄρνεα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄρνεα
Transliteration: ornea
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

πέταται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πέταται
Transliteration: petatai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

στρουθοί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: στρουθοί
Transliteration: stroythoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

οὕτως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὕτως
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: thus, so
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Thus, so, in this way.
Occurrences: 776

ἀρὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀρὰ
Transliteration: ara
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀρὰ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

ματαία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ματαία
Transliteration: mataia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἐπελεύσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπελεύσεται
Transliteration: epeleysetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

οὐδενί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: οὐδενί
Transliteration: oydeni
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܟ ܨܦܪܐ ܘܚܝܘܬ ܟܢܦܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܚܢ ܒܐܐܪ ܗܟܢܐ ܠܘܛܬܐ ܣܪܝܩܬܐ ܦܗܝܐ

10 word entries

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܨܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܦܪܐ
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܘܚܝܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܝܘܬ
Transliteration: whywt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܟܢܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܢܦܐ
Transliteration: knp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 10

ܕܦܪ̈ܚܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܦܪܚܢ
Transliteration: dprhn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܒܐܐܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܐܐܪ
Transliteration: b''r
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 5

ܗܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܟܢܐ
Transliteration: hkn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 718

ܠܘܛܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܛܬܐ
Transliteration: lwtt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 11

ܣܪܝܩܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܪܝܩܬܐ
Transliteration: sryqt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 11

ܦܗܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܗܝܐ
Transliteration: phy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֵיךְ צִפְּרָא דְטָאֵס וְהֵיךְ פַּרְחֲתָא דְפָרְחָא הֵיכְנָא לְוָטְתָא דְמַגָן לָא תֵעוֹל׃

11 word entries

הֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: hyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 459

צִפְּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צפרא
Transliteration: tspr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 117

דְטָאֵס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טאס
Transliteration: dt's
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

וְהֵיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היך
Transliteration: whyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 459

פַּרְחֲתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרחתא
Transliteration: prcht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

דְפָרְחָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרחא
Transliteration: dprch'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 5

הֵיכְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכנא
Transliteration: hykn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 78

לְוָטְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וטתא
Transliteration: lwtt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

דְמַגָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מגן
Transliteration: dmgn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 44

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תֵעוֹל׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תעול
Transliteration: t'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 20

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Sicut avis ad alia transvolans, et passer quolibet vadens, sic maledictum frustra prolatum in quempiam superveniet.

16 word entries

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

avis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auis
Transliteration: avis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 52

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

alia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alius
Transliteration: alia
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 577

transvolans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: transuolo
Transliteration: transvolans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 3

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

passer

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: passer
Transliteration: passer
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 21

quolibet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quilibet
Transliteration: quolibet
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 18

vadens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uado
Transliteration: vadens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 324

sic

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sic
Transliteration: sic
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 584

maledictum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: maledictum
Transliteration: maledictum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 35

frustra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frustra
Transliteration: frustra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 48

prolatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: profero
Transliteration: prolatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 63

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

quempiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quispiam
Transliteration: quempiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 52

superveniet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: superuenio
Transliteration: superveniet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 50

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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