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JPS Tanakh 1917

Proverbs 19

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 16

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¹⁶ He that keepeth the commandment keepeth his soul; but he that despiseth His ways shall die.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 19:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 48

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

שֹׁמֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ בּוֹזֵ֖ה דְרָכָ֣יו יומת׃

8 word entries

שֹׁמֵ֣ר

Lemma: 8104
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8104
Occurrences: 281

מִ֭צְוָה

Lemma: 4687
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4687
Occurrences: 115

שֹׁמֵ֣ר

Lemma: 8104
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8104
Occurrences: 281

נַפְשׁ֑וֹ

Lemma: 5315
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5315
Occurrences: 576

בּוֹזֵ֖ה

Lemma: 959
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H959
Occurrences: 30

דְרָכָ֣יו

Lemma: 1870
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1870
Occurrences: 375

יומת

Lemma: 4191
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4191
Occurrences: 462

יָמֽוּת

Lemma: 4191
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4191
Occurrences: 462

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὃς φυλάσσει ἐντολὴν, τηρεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν· ὁ δὲ καταφρονῶν τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ὁδῶν, ἀπολεῖται.

14 word entries

Ὃς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: relative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: who, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

φυλάσσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φυλάσσει
Transliteration: phylassei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἐντολὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐντολὴν
Transliteration: entolen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

τηρεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τηρεῖ
Transliteration: terei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἑαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

ψυχήν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ψυχή
Transliteration: psyche
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: soul, life
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Soul, life, self, or living being.
Occurrences: 809

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

καταφρονῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: καταφρονῶν
Transliteration: kataphronon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἑαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

ὁδῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὁδῶν
Transliteration: odon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

ἀπολεῖται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπολεῖται
Transliteration: apoleitai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܢܛܪ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܡܙܕܗܪ ܒܢܦܫܗ ܘܕܫܐܛ ܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܗ ܢܬܩܛܠ

7 word entries

ܕܢܛܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܛܪ
Transliteration: dntr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 27

ܦܘܩܕܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܘܩܕܢܐ
Transliteration: pwqdn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 62

ܡܙܕܗܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܙܕܗܪ
Transliteration: mzdhr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܒܢܦܫܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢܦܫܗ
Transliteration: bnpshh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 12

ܘܕܫܐܛ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܫܐܛ
Transliteration: wdsh't
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܪܚܬܗ
Transliteration: 'wrhth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 55

ܢܬܩܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܩܛܠ
Transliteration: ntqtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 22

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

דְנָטֵר פּוּקְדָנָא נָטֵר נַפְשֵׁיהּ וּדְמֵשִׁיט אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ יְמוּת׃

7 word entries

דְנָטֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נטר
Transliteration: dntr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 55

פּוּקְדָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פוקדנא
Transliteration: pwqdn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

נָטֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נטר
Transliteration: ntr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 55

נַפְשֵׁיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשיה
Transliteration: npshyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 106

וּדְמֵשִׁיט

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמשיט
Transliteration: wdmshyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אורחתיה
Transliteration: 'wrchtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 33

יְמוּת׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימות
Transliteration: ymwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 58

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui custodit mandatum custodit animam suam; qui autem negligit viam suam mortificabitur.

12 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

custodit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: custodio
Transliteration: custodit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 358

mandatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mandatum
Transliteration: mandatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 242

custodit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: custodio
Transliteration: custodit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 358

animam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: anima
Transliteration: animam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 916

suam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

neglegit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: negligo
Transliteration: neglegit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

vias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uia
Transliteration: vias
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 853

suas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suas
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

mortificabitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mortifico
Transliteration: mortificabitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Proverbs 19

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