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JPS Tanakh 1917

Proverbs 18

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 2

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² A fool hath no delight in understanding, but only that his heart may lay itself bare.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 18:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 47

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

לֹֽא־יַחְפֹּ֣ץ כְּ֭סִיל בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה כִּ֝֗י אִֽם־בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת לִבּֽוֹ׃

8 word entries

לֹֽא

Lemma: 3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 3277

יַחְפֹּ֣ץ

Lemma: 2654 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2654
Occurrences: 70

כְּ֭סִיל

Lemma: 3684
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3684
Occurrences: 43

בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה

Lemma: b/8394
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8394
Occurrences: 4

כִּ֝֗י

Lemma: 3588 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 148

אִֽם

Lemma: 518 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H518
Occurrences: 148

בְּהִתְגַּלּ֥וֹת

Lemma: b/1540
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb hithpael infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1540
Occurrences: 5

לִבּֽוֹ

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὐ χρείαν ἔχει σοφίας ἐνδεὴς φρενῶν, μᾶλλον γᾶρ ἄγεται ἀφροσύνῃ.

10 word entries

Οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

χρείαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: χρείαν
Transliteration: chreian
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

ἔχει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔχω
Transliteration: echei
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it has
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To have, hold, possess, or keep.
Occurrences: 50

σοφίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σοφία
Transliteration: sophia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: wisdom
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wisdom, skill, or insight.
Occurrences: 204

ἐνδεὴς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐνδεὴς
Transliteration: endees
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

φρενῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: φρενῶν
Transliteration: phrenon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

μᾶλλον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μᾶλλον
Transliteration: mallon
Morphology: comparative adverb
Gloss: more, rather
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: More, rather, to a greater degree.
Occurrences: 40

γᾶρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: γᾶρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: indeclinable or neuter noun pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἄγεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἄγεται
Transliteration: agetai
Morphology: verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἀφροσύνῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀφροσύνῃ
Transliteration: aphrosyne
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܣܟܠܐ ܠܐ ܨ̇ܒ̣ܐ ܒܚܟܡܬܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܪܢܐ ܠܒܗ ܒܫܛܝܘܬܐ

8 word entries

ܣܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܟܠܐ
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܨ̇ܒ̣ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܒܐ
Transliteration: sb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 93

ܒܚܟܡܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܚܟܡܬܐ
Transliteration: bhkmt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 17

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܪܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܪܢܐ
Transliteration: drn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܠܒܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܗ
Transliteration: lbh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 91

ܒܫܛܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܫܛܝܘܬܐ
Transliteration: bshtywt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לָא צָבֵי סִכְלָא בְּסוּכְלְתָנָא אֶלָא בְּשַׁטְיוּתָא פָּחֵי לִבֵּיהּ׃

8 word entries

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

צָבֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צבי
Transliteration: tsby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 21

סִכְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכלא
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

בְּסוּכְלְתָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סוכלתנא
Transliteration: bswkltn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 12

אֶלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלא
Transliteration: 'l'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

בְּשַׁטְיוּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שטיותא
Transliteration: bshtywt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 15

פָּחֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פחי
Transliteration: pchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

לִבֵּיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ביה
Transliteration: lbyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 359

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Non recipit stultus verba prudentiæ, nisi ea dixeris quæ versantur in corde ejus.

13 word entries

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

recipit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: recipio
Transliteration: recipit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 119

stultus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stultus
Transliteration: stultus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 129

verba

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerbum
Transliteration: verba
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1162

prudentiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prudentia
Transliteration: prudentiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 61

nisi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nisi
Transliteration: nisi
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 265

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: ea
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

dixeris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixeris
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

versantur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uersor
Transliteration: versantur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 21

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

corde

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: corde
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 18 of 31 Verse 2 of 24

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Proverbs 18

Source Text Study

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Matthew 8:34