Malachi
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JPS Tanakh 1917

Malachi 1

JPS Tanakh 1917, Verse 4

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4 Whereas Edom saith: 'We are beaten down, but we will return and build the waste places'; thus saith the LORD of hosts: They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall be called The border of wickedness, and The people whom the LORD execrateth for ever.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Malachi 1:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 143
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּֽי־תֹאמַ֨ר אֱד֜וֹם רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ וְנָשׁוּב֙ וְנִבְנֶ֣ה חֳרָב֔וֹת כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הֵ֥מָּה יִבְנ֖וּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶהֱר֑וֹס וְקָרְא֤וּ לָהֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל רִשְׁעָ֔ה וְהָעָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־זָעַ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

25 word entries
כִּֽי
Lemma
3588 a
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H3588
Occurrences
4218
תֹאמַ֨ר
Lemma
559
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H559
Occurrences
1301
אֱד֜וֹם
Lemma
123
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H123
Occurrences
81
רֻשַּׁ֗שְׁנוּ
Lemma
7567
Morphology
Hebrew: verb pual perfect 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H7567
Occurrences
2
וְנָשׁוּב֙
Lemma
c/7725
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H7725
Occurrences
428
וְנִבְנֶ֣ה
Lemma
c/1129
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H1129
Occurrences
132
חֳרָב֔וֹת
Lemma
2723
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2723
Occurrences
17
כֹּ֤ה
Lemma
3541
Morphology
Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
H3541
Occurrences
554
אָמַר֙
Lemma
559
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H559
Occurrences
1301
יְהוָ֣ה
Lemma
3068
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3068
Occurrences
5701
צְבָא֔וֹת
Lemma
6635 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H6635
Occurrences
283
הֵ֥מָּה
Lemma
1992
Morphology
Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech
pronoun
Strong's
H1992
Occurrences
395
יִבְנ֖וּ
Lemma
1129
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H1129
Occurrences
171
וַאֲנִ֣י
Lemma
c/589
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + pronoun
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H589
Occurrences
178
אֶהֱר֑וֹס
Lemma
2040
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H2040
Occurrences
28
וְקָרְא֤וּ
Lemma
c/7121
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H7121
Occurrences
350
לָהֶם֙
Lemma
l
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Occurrences
4413
גְּב֣וּל
Lemma
1366
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1366
Occurrences
149
רִשְׁעָ֔ה
Lemma
7564
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7564
Occurrences
5
וְהָעָ֛ם
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5971
Occurrences
43
אֲשֶׁר
Lemma
834 a
Morphology
Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H834
Occurrences
4808
זָעַ֥ם
Lemma
2194
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H2194
Occurrences
10
יְהוָ֖ה
Lemma
3068
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3068
Occurrences
5701
עַד
Lemma
5704
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5704
Occurrences
1038
עוֹלָֽם
Lemma
5769
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5769
Occurrences
223
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Διότι ἐρεῖ, ἡ Ἰδουμαία κατέστραπται, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωμεν, καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσωμεν τὰς ἐρήμους· τάδε λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ, αὐτοὶ οἰκοδομήσουσι, καὶ ἐγὼ καταστρέψω· καὶ ἐπικληθήσεται αὐτοῖς ὅρια ἀνομίας, καὶ λαὸς ἐφʼ ὃν παρατέτακται Κύριος ἕως αἰῶνος.

33 word entries
Διότι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
dioti
Morphology
causal conjunction
Gloss
because, for
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Causal conjunction.
Occurrences
317
ἐρεῖ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
erei
Morphology
verb, future active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it will say
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To say or speak.
Occurrences
5490
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Ἰδουμαία
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
idoymaia
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
κατέστραπται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
katestraptai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπιστρέψωμεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
epistrepsomen
Morphology
verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἀνοικοδομήσωμεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
anoikodomesomen
Morphology
verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τὰς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἐρήμους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
eremoys
Morphology
accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
τάδε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅδε
Transliteration
tade
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, neuter plural
Gloss
these things, thus
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
Demonstrative pronoun, often introducing quoted speech.
Occurrences
408
λέγει
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
legei
Morphology
verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it says
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To say or speak.
Occurrences
5490
Κύριος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kyrios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
Lord, master
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences
7934
παντοκράτωρ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Pantokrator
Morphology
title/noun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
Almighty, ruler of all
Part of Speech
title/noun
Definition
All-ruler, Almighty.
Occurrences
123
αὐτοὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
οἰκοδομήσουσι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
oikodomesoysi
Morphology
verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss
they ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐγὼ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐγώ
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss
I
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences
11445
καταστρέψω
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
katastrepso
Morphology
1st singular verb or contracted noun/adjective form depending on context
Gloss
I ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπικληθήσεται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
epiklethesetai
Morphology
verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
αὐτοῖς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
ὅρια
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
horia
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss
borders, boundaries
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Boundary, border, or territory.
Occurrences
227
ἀνομίας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
anomias
Morphology
noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss
lawlessness, iniquity
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lawlessness, iniquity, or transgression.
Occurrences
169
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
λαὸς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
laos
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
people
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
People, nation, or community.
Occurrences
1841
ἐφʼ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
eph
Morphology
preposition, elided form
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
ὃν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὅς
Transliteration
hon
Morphology
relative pronoun, accusative masculine singular
Gloss
whom, which
Part of Speech
relative pronoun
Definition
Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences
4123
παρατέτακται
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
paratetaktai
Morphology
nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
Κύριος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kyrios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
Lord, master
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences
7934
ἕως
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἕως
Transliteration
heos
Morphology
preposition/conjunction
Gloss
until, as far as
Part of Speech
preposition/conjunction
Definition
Temporal or spatial marker.
Occurrences
1413
αἰῶνος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
aionos
Morphology
noun, masculine genitive singular
Gloss
of an age, eternity
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Age, era, world, or eternity depending on context.
Occurrences
550
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܢ ܢܐܡܪܘܢ ܐ̈ܕܘܡܝܐ ܐܬܡܣܟܢܢ ܢܗܦܘܟ ܢܒܢܐ ܚܪ̈ܒܬܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܗܢܘܢ ܢܒܢܘܢ ܘܐܢܐ ܐܣܚܘܦ ܘܢܩܪܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܚܛܝܬܐ ܘܥܡܐ ܕܪܓܙ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܥܠܡ

23 word entries
ܘܐܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܘܐܢ
Transliteration
w'n
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
263
ܢܐܡܪܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
n'mrwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
41
ܐ̈ܕܘܡܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'dwmy'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
35
ܐܬܡܣܟܢܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'tmsknn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1
ܢܗܦܘܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nhpwk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
22
ܢܒܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nbn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
20
ܚܪ̈ܒܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hrbt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
24
ܗܟܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hkn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
718
ܐܡܪ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܡܪ
Transliteration
emar
Morphology
verb root/form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
1127
ܡܪܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
maryah
Morphology
divine title, emphatic form
Gloss
Lord
Occurrences
2917
ܗܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hnwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
424
ܢܒܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
nbnwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
3
ܘܐܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'n'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
183
ܐܣܚܘܦ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'shwp
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3
ܘܢܩܪܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wnqrwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
8
ܐܢܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'nwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
1636
ܬܚܘܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
thwm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
41
ܕܚܛܝܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhtyt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
3
ܘܥܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
55
ܕܪܓܙ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
drgz
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
7
ܥܠܘܗܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'lwhy
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
372
ܡܪܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
maryah
Morphology
divine title, emphatic form
Gloss
Lord
Occurrences
2917
ܠܥܠܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
l'lm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
295
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אֲרֵי יֵימְרוּן אֱדוֹמָאֵי אִתְמַסְכַּנָנָא כְּעַן עֲתַרְנָא נְתוּב וְנִבְנֵי חֳרְבָתָא כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת אִינוּן יִבְנוּן וַאֲנָא אֲפַגַר וְיִקְרוֹן לְהוֹן תְּחוּמָא דְעַמָא רַשִׁיעָא וְעַמָא דְאַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן לְוָט עַד עָלְמָא׃

28 word entries
אֲרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ארי
Transliteration
'ry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1969
יֵימְרוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
yymrwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
90
אֱדוֹמָאֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'dwm'y
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
20
אִתְמַסְכַּנָנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'tmsknn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
2
כְּעַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
כען
Transliteration
k'n
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
555
עֲתַרְנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'trn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
2
נְתוּב
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ntwb
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
9
וְנִבְנֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wnbny
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
חֳרְבָתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chrbt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
7
כִּדְנַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דנן
Transliteration
kdnn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
503
אֲמַר
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
אמר
Transliteration
'mr
Morphology
verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
3728
יְיָ
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yy
Morphology
divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss
the Lord
Occurrences
3908
צְבָאוֹת
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tsb'wt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
284
אִינוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'ynwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
449
יִבְנוּן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ybnwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
12
וַאֲנָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
אנא
Transliteration
w'n'
Morphology
prefixed conjunction ו + personal pronoun first singular
Gloss
and I
Occurrences
1108
אֲפַגַר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'pgr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
5
וְיִקְרוֹן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wyqrwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
14
לְהוֹן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
הון
Transliteration
lhwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
1262
תְּחוּמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tchwm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
59
דְעַמָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
d'm'
Morphology
prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
of/that people
Occurrences
1754
רַשִׁיעָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
rshy''
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
147
וְעַמָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
w'm'
Morphology
prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss
and people
Occurrences
1754
דְאַיְתֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
d'yty
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
112
עֲלֵיהוֹן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lyhwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
342
לְוָט
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
לוט
Transliteration
lwt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
34
עַד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
עד
Transliteration
'd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
885
עָלְמָא׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'lm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
549
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quod si dixerit Idumæa: Destructi sumus, sed revertentes ædificabimus quæ destructa sunt: hæc dicit Dominus exercituum: Isti ædificabunt, et ego destruam: et vocabuntur termini impietatis, et populus cui iratus est Dominus usque in æternum.

34 word entries
quod
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quod
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
si
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
si
Transliteration
si
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1970
dixerit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dico
Transliteration
dixerit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
6477
Idumea
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Idumaea
Transliteration
Idumea
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
38
destructi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
destruo
Transliteration
destructi
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
117
sumus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sumus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
sed
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sed
Transliteration
sed
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1637
revertentes
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
revertentes
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
578
aedificabimus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
aedificabimus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
449
quae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quae
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
deserta
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
deserta
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
111
sunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
haec
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
haec
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
dicit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dico
Transliteration
dicit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
6477
Dominus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dominus
Transliteration
Dominus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
8181
exercituum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
exercituum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
631
isti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
iste
Transliteration
isti
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
877
aedificabunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
aedificabunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
449
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
ego
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
destruam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
destruo
Transliteration
destruam
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
117
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
vocabuntur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uoco
Transliteration
vocabuntur
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
652
Termini
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Termini
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
179
impietatis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
impietatis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
49
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
Populus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
populus
Transliteration
Populus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
2030
cui
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
cui
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
iratus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
irascor
Transliteration
iratus
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
139
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
Dominus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dominus
Transliteration
Dominus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
8181
usque
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
usque
Transliteration
usque
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
1221
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
aeternum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
aeternum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
306

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Ezekiel 25:14

And I will lay My vengeance upon Edom by the hand of My people Israel; and they shall do in Edom according to Mine anger and according to My fury; and they shall know my vengeance, saith the Lord GOD.

7 relevance votes

Ezekiel 35:9

I will make thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not return; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.

5 relevance votes

Jeremiah 31:17

And there is hope for thy future, saith the LORD; and thy children shall return to their own border.

3 relevance votes

Ezekiel 11:10

Ye shall fall by the sword: I will judge you upon the border of Israel; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.

3 relevance votes

Psalms 127:1

A Song of Ascents; of Solomon. Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it; except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain.

3 relevance votes

Lamentations 3:37

Who is he that saith, and it cometh to pass, when the Lord commandeth it not?

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 34:5

For My sword hath drunk its fill in heaven; behold, it shall come down upon Edom, and upon the people of My ban, to judgment.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 11:14

And they shall fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines on the west; together shall they spoil the children of the east; they shall put forth their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them.

3 relevance votes

Job 12:14

Behold, He breaketh down, and it cannot be built again; He shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening.

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 10:4

They can do nought except crouch under the captives, and fall under the slain. For all this His anger is not turned away, but His hand is stretched out still.

2 relevance votes

Amos 6:2

Pass ye unto Calneh, and see, and from thence go ye to Hamath the great; then go down to Gath of the Philistines; are they better than these kingdoms? or is their border greater than your border?

2 relevance votes

Job 9:4

He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength; who hath hardened himself against Him, and prospered?

2 relevance votes
Chapter 1 of 4 Verse 4 of 14