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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 16

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Geneva Bible

Isaiah 16

Geneva Bible, Verse 2

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² For it shall be as a birde that flieth, and a nest forsaken: the daughters of Moab shall be at the foordes of Arnon.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 16:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 64

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְהָיָ֥ה כְעוֹף־נוֹדֵ֖ד קֵ֣ן מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח תִּֽהְיֶ֙ינָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת מוֹאָ֔ב מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת לְאַרְנֽוֹן׃

10 word entries

וְהָיָ֥ה

Lemma: c/1961
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1772

כְעוֹף

Lemma: k/5775
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5775
Occurrences: 3

נוֹדֵ֖ד

Lemma: 5074
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5074
Occurrences: 24

קֵ֣ן

Lemma: 7064
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7064
Occurrences: 12

מְשֻׁלָּ֑ח

Lemma: 7971
Morphology: Hebrew: verb pual participle passive
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7971
Occurrences: 405

תִּֽהְיֶ֨ינָה֙

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

בְּנ֣וֹת

Lemma: 1323
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1323
Occurrences: 388

מוֹאָ֔ב

Lemma: 4124
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4124
Occurrences: 160

מַעְבָּרֹ֖ת

Lemma: 4569 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4569
Occurrences: 5

לְאַרְנֽוֹן

Lemma: l/769
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H769
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἔσῃ γὰρ ὡς πετεινοῦ ἀνιπταμένου νοσσὸς ἀφῃρημένος, ἔσῃ θυγάτηρ Μωὰβ, ἔπειτα δέ Ἀρνῶν πλείονα

14 word entries

Ἔσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: ese
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 2nd singular
Gloss: you will be
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

πετεινοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πετεινοῦ
Transliteration: peteinoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἀνιπταμένου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀνιπταμένου
Transliteration: aniptamenoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

νοσσὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: νοσσὸς
Transliteration: nossos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀφῃρημένος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀφῃρημένος
Transliteration: apheremenos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἔσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: ese
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 2nd singular
Gloss: you will be
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

θυγάτηρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θυγάτηρ
Transliteration: thygater
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: daughter
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Daughter or female descendant.
Occurrences: 506

Μωὰβ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Μωάβ
Transliteration: Moab
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Moab
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Moab.
Occurrences: 174

ἔπειτα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἔπειτα
Transliteration: epeita
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

δέ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἀρνῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀρνῶν
Transliteration: arnon
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀρνῶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 19

πλείονα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πλείονα
Transliteration: pleiona
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܗܘܐ ܐܝܟ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܕܡܫܢܝܐ ܩܢܗ̇ ܘܒܢ̈ܬ ܡܘܐܒ ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ ܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ ܕܐܪܢܘܢ

11 word entries

ܘܢܗܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܗܘܐ
Transliteration: wnhw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 171

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܦܪܚܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܪܚܬܐ
Transliteration: prht'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 20

ܕܡܫܢܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܫܢܝܐ
Transliteration: dmshny'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܩܢܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܢܗ
Transliteration: qnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܘܒܢ̈ܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܢܬ
Transliteration: wbnt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܡܘܐܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܐܒ
Transliteration: mw'b
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 59

ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܝܩܬܐ
Transliteration: shbyqt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܗܘܝܢ
Transliteration: nhwyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 33

ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܥܒܪܬܐ
Transliteration: bm'brt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 1

ܕܐܪܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܪܢܘܢ
Transliteration: d'rnwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וִיהֵי כְעוֹפָא דְאַפְרָחוֹהִי מִקִנֵיהּ וִיטַלְטֵיל יִתַּפְקָן וִיהֶוְיָן בְּנַת מוֹאָב מְגִיזַן לְהוֹן לְאַרְנוֹן׃

12 word entries

וִיהֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהי
Transliteration: wyhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 508

כְעוֹפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עופא
Transliteration: k'wp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 45

דְאַפְרָחוֹהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפרחוהי
Transliteration: d'prchwhy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

מִקִנֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קניה
Transliteration: mqnyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

וִיטַלְטֵיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יטלטיל
Transliteration: wytltyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

יִתַּפְקָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתפקן
Transliteration: ytpqn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וִיהֶוְיָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהוין
Transliteration: wyhwyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 28

בְּנַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנת
Transliteration: bnt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

מוֹאָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ואב
Transliteration: mw'b
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 56

מְגִיזַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גיזן
Transliteration: mgyzn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

לְאַרְנוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארנון
Transliteration: l'rnwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et erit: sicut avis fugiens, et pulli de nido avolantes, sic erunt filiæ Moab in transcensu Arnon.

17 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

erit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

avis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auis
Transliteration: avis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 52

fugiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fugio
Transliteration: fugiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 351

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

pulli

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pullus
Transliteration: pulli
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 44

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

nido

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nidus
Transliteration: nido
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 15

avolantes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auolo
Transliteration: avolantes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 11

sic

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sic
Transliteration: sic
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 584

erunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

filiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filia
Transliteration: filiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 566

Moab

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: moabes
Transliteration: Moab
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 29

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

transcensu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: transcensus
Transliteration: transcensu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

Arnon

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Arnon
Transliteration: Arnon
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 24

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Proverbs 27:8

As a bird that wandreth from her nest, so is a man that wandreth from his owne place.

4 relevance votes

Judges 11:18

Then they went through the wildernesse, and compassed the lande of Edom, and the lande of Moab, and came by the Eastside of the lande of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, and came not within the coast of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

3 relevance votes

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Isaiah 16

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Proverbs 27:8

Judges 11:18

Isaiah 13:14

Deuteronomy 2:36

Jeremiah 48:20

Joshua 13:16

Deuteronomy 3:8

Deuteronomy 3:12