10 In stead whereof King Rehoboam made shieldes of brasse, and committed them to the handes of the chiefe of the garde, that wayted at the doore of the Kings house.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Chronicles 12:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ רְחַבְעָם֙ תַּחְתֵּיהֶ֔ם מָגִנֵּ֖י נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהִפְקִ֗יד עַל־יַד֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרָצִ֔ים הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים פֶּ֖תַח בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
15 word entries
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ
הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ
תַּחְתֵּיהֶ֔ם
מָגִנֵּ֖י
נְחֹ֑שֶׁת
וְהִפְקִ֗יד
עַל
יַד֙
שָׂרֵ֣י
הָרָצִ֔ים
הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים
פֶּ֖תַח
בֵּ֥ית
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ῥοβοὰμ θυρεοὺς χαλκοῦς ἀντʼ αὐτῶν· καὶ κατέστησεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν Σουσακὶμ ἄρχοντας παρατρεχόντων, τοὺς φυλάσσοντας τὸν πυλῶνα τοῦ βασιλέως.
22 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐποίησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- epoiesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it made, did
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
βασιλεὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
Ῥοβοὰμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ῥοβοάμ
- Transliteration
- Roboam
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Rehoboam
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Rehoboam, royal personal name.
- Occurrences
- 61
θυρεοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- θυρεοὺς
- Transliteration
- thyreoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
χαλκοῦς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χαλκοῦς
- Transliteration
- chalkoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ἀντʼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀντί
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive, elided form
- Gloss
- instead of, in exchange for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided form of ἀντί.
- Occurrences
- 370
αὐτῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
κατέστησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καθίστημι
- Transliteration
- katestesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she appointed, set
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To set, appoint, establish, or make.
- Occurrences
- 40
ἐπʼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- ep
- Morphology
- preposition, elided form
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
αὐτὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Σουσακὶμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Σουσακὶμ
- Transliteration
- soysakim
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Σουσακὶμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
ἄρχοντας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄρχων
- Transliteration
- archon
- Morphology
- noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- ruler, leader
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Ruler, leader, or official.
- Occurrences
- 577
παρατρεχόντων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παρατρεχόντων
- Transliteration
- paratrechonton
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
τοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
φυλάσσοντας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- φυλάσσοντας
- Transliteration
- phylassontas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πυλῶνα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πυλῶνα
- Transliteration
- pylona
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
βασιλέως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וַעֲבַד מַלְכָּא רְחַבְעָם חִלוּפֵיהוֹן עֲגִילִין דִנְחָשָׁא וּמַנִי עַל יַד רַבָּנֵי רַהֲטוֹנַיָא דְנָטְרִין תְּרַע בֵּית מַלְכָּא׃
15 word entries
וַעֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- w'bd
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- and made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
רְחַבְעָם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רחבעם
- Transliteration
- rchb'm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 57
חִלוּפֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חלופיהון
- Transliteration
- chlwpyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
עֲגִילִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עגילין
- Transliteration
- 'gylyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 10
דִנְחָשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נחשא
- Transliteration
- dnchsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 70
וּמַנִי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מני
- Transliteration
- wmny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 268
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
יַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יד
- Transliteration
- yd
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular
- Gloss
- hand, power
- Occurrences
- 92
רַבָּנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רבני
- Transliteration
- rbny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 98
רַהֲטוֹנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רהטוניא
- Transliteration
- rhtwny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
דְנָטְרִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נטרין
- Transliteration
- dntryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 24
תְּרַע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תרע
- Transliteration
- tr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 141
בֵּית
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בית
- Transliteration
- byt
- Morphology
- noun construct/absolute
- Gloss
- house, household
- Occurrences
- 2611
מַלְכָּא׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
pro quibus fecit rex æneos, et tradidit illos principibus scutariorum, qui custodiebant vestibulum palatii.
14 word entries
pro
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pro
- Transliteration
- pro
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1148
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
fecit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
aeneos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aeneus
- Transliteration
- aeneos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 47
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
tradidit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- trado
- Transliteration
- tradidit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 513
illos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
principibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- princeps
- Transliteration
- principibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 830
scutariorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scutarius
- Transliteration
- scutariorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 7
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
custodiebant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- custodio
- Transliteration
- custodiebant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 358
vestibulum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uestibulum
- Transliteration
- vestibulum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 59
palatii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Palatium
- Transliteration
- palatii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 14
Spirit Nation Syriac Peshitta OT Alignment Note
English · Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Syriac/Peshitta source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Instead of which king Rehoboam made shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the chief of the guard, that kept the entrance of the king’s house." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Syriac Peshitta
missing
A Syriac/Peshitta panel is expected for this section but is not attached yet.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Lamentations 4:1
How is the golde become so dimme? the most fine golde is changed, and the stones of the Sanctuarie are scattered in the corner of euery streete.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 14:27
And King Rehoboam made for them brasen shieldes, and committed them vnto ye hands of the chiefe of the garde, which wayted at the doore of the Kings house.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 8:18
And Benaiah the sonne of Iehoiada and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and Dauids sonnes were chiefe rulers.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 23:23
He was honourable among thirtie, but he atteined not to the first three: and Dauid made him of his counsell.
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 11:25
Behold, he was honourable among thirtie, but he attained not vnto the first three. And Dauid made him of his counsell.
2 relevance votes